Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Campbell Company of Canada: Plant Tour Assignment

GMS 401: Plant Tour Assignment Campbell Company of Canada [pic] Date: March 12th, 2012 Ryerson University Executive Summary As students of Operations Management, we were charged with visiting a manufacturing or service facility and to present and report on our observations. Since all of the members of our group have either worked in or visited a service facility, we were excited with the opportunity to visit a manufacturing plant as part of this project.A few emails and phone calls later, we had organized a tour of The Campbell Company of Canada’s manufacturing facility, in Etobicoke. As a result of our tour, we are able to report on the following key elements: ? Company profile ? Details of the manufacturing process ? Plant layout ? Inventory control systems in place ? Quality assurance techniques ? Maintenance practices ? Ergonomics on the assembly line What they do well: The tour was an invaluable way for us to learn about and see first-hand the challenges faced by the mode rn day manufacturing plant.Work crews have been divided into teams motivated to seek improvements in the manufacturing process and the workers are non-unionized. With a daily output of approximately 1. 5 million units, it’s key that the plant minimizes downtime. As such, Campbell’s has transitioned over the years from reactive maintenance to preventive maintenance, and follows predictive maintenance as a best practice. Productivity and workplace safety have increased with the automation of processes in every area. SAP inventory systems have improved operations in supply chain management.In addition, Campbell’s has done well incorporating ergonomic lessons into all of its training sessions. They’ve also recognized that a healthy workforce consistently performs at high levels, and they have made a point to provide employees with amenities which focus on health and well-being. Recommendations for Improvement: Despite the strides made with employing predictiv e maintenance techniques, onsite technicians aren’t fully trained to deal with problematic equipment and thus Campbell’s is regularly bringing in external personnel to fix this.Since replacing the equipment isn’t a cost effective option, training onsite technicians to better address problems on this machinery when they occur could help reduce the downtime on the line. The threat of production bottlenecks may also be diverted by more general purpose equipment in the packaging area to accommodate sized containers. Our group felt there is an opportunity to improve the comfort, health and motivation of employees by improving ventilation in the packaging area. Table of Contents Executive Summary1Section 1: Company Profile3 Appendix A: Floor Plan †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Appendix B: Thank You Letter †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Section 1: Company Profile Campbell Soup Company (referred throughout this report as â€Å"Campbell’s†), a multi-national corporation headquartered in New Jersey, USA, has been delivering products with an exceptional taste and food experience for over 140 years. Founded in 1869 by Joseph A. Campbell and Abraham Anderson, the company has grown into a global manufacturer and marketer of high-quality onvenience-branded food products with a particular focus on canned tomatoes and vegetables, jellies, soups, condiments and minced meats (Campbell Company of Canada, 2012). Over the last century Campbell’s has developed into the leading house-hold brand name, not only domestically in North America, but globally. At present, Campbell Soup Company is the number one maker of soups in the world and dominates its domestic markets of North America with a market share of 69 percent (Forbe s Canada, 2011).In addition, Campbell’s Company of Canada represents a 60 percent global market share of the $4 billion soup market (Wikinvest, 2010). The wholesome goodness of Campbell’s products entered the Canadian markets on November 28, 1930; where a manufacturing plant was opened up in Toronto, Canada (Funding Universe, 2012). Hired locally from the Toronto area, many generations of families have since contributed to Campbell’s immense success within the soup industry (Funding Universe, 2012).Of the many products offered by the Campbell Soup Company, this report focuses on the soup production and manufacturing operation of Toronto-based Campbell Company of Canada (also referred to Campbell’s throughout this report). Being the sole provider of Campbell products to the entire Canadian market, Campbell Company of Canada runs production 5 days a week on 20 hour work cycles. Conveniently located just north of Lake Ontario, the Campbell Company of Canada plant encompasses 550,000 square feet of property; with 500,000 sq. ft designated for the actual plant and 50,000 sq. t for administrative offices. This plant employs 580 staff members, 430 of whom work within the physical plant, with the remaining 150 working in the offices. To get a better feel of the plant’s functionalities our group engaged in a plant-tour led by Mr. Gord Kirk, who is a Senior Manufacturing Engineer at Campbell Company of Canada. The Toronto-based plant produces a variety of canned aseptic soup & sauces. Of the aseptic soups, 5 types are primarily produced: Vegetable, Tomato, Chicken Noodle, Cream of Mushroom and Beef Broth. According to Mr. Kirk, roughly 1. million products are produced at this plant each day. These products are then shipped to third party retail food chains, mass discounters, mass merchandisers, club stores, convenience stores, drug stores and other retail, commercial and non-commercial establishments (Wikinvest, 2010). Currently, Campb ell Company of Canada’s largest retail customer is Wal-Mart Inc. , which contributed to approximately 18 percent of the company’s consolidated net sales during the 2010 fiscal year and 16 percent in both 2009 and 2008 (Wikinvest, 2010). Appendix A: Plant Layout [pic]Appendix B: Thank-You Letter Monday, March 12th, 2012 Attention: Ms. Bertha Walls and Mr. Gord Kirk On behalf of my team, GMS 401: Operations Management, I would like to take the opportunity to express my sincere gratitude for assisting us with our team project. Each team member contacted numerous companies in order to arrange a plant tour of the facilities, but the policies of these firms prohibited tours due to health and safety concerns. We were quite fortunate to have stumbled upon Campbell’s as a tour option and were delighted when an opening became available. Ms.Walls, from the initial telephone conversation through the two weeks leading up to the day of the tour, you were extremely receptive a nd helpful. In addition to booking our tour promptly and providing us with important details such as plant regulations and safety codes; you took the initiative to provide us with a layout scheme of the Campbell’s plant and a framework of questions and answers which related directly to the key topics of our report. Ms. Walls, my team and I are very thankful for everything you did for us. Your professionalism, knowledge and kindness were phenomenal. Sincerely, Operations Management Team Ryerson University Campbell Company of Canada: Plant Tour Assignment GMS 401: Plant Tour Assignment Campbell Company of Canada [pic] Date: March 12th, 2012 Ryerson University Executive Summary As students of Operations Management, we were charged with visiting a manufacturing or service facility and to present and report on our observations. Since all of the members of our group have either worked in or visited a service facility, we were excited with the opportunity to visit a manufacturing plant as part of this project.A few emails and phone calls later, we had organized a tour of The Campbell Company of Canada’s manufacturing facility, in Etobicoke. As a result of our tour, we are able to report on the following key elements: ? Company profile ? Details of the manufacturing process ? Plant layout ? Inventory control systems in place ? Quality assurance techniques ? Maintenance practices ? Ergonomics on the assembly line What they do well: The tour was an invaluable way for us to learn about and see first-hand the challenges faced by the mode rn day manufacturing plant.Work crews have been divided into teams motivated to seek improvements in the manufacturing process and the workers are non-unionized. With a daily output of approximately 1. 5 million units, it’s key that the plant minimizes downtime. As such, Campbell’s has transitioned over the years from reactive maintenance to preventive maintenance, and follows predictive maintenance as a best practice. Productivity and workplace safety have increased with the automation of processes in every area. SAP inventory systems have improved operations in supply chain management.In addition, Campbell’s has done well incorporating ergonomic lessons into all of its training sessions. They’ve also recognized that a healthy workforce consistently performs at high levels, and they have made a point to provide employees with amenities which focus on health and well-being. Recommendations for Improvement: Despite the strides made with employing predictiv e maintenance techniques, onsite technicians aren’t fully trained to deal with problematic equipment and thus Campbell’s is regularly bringing in external personnel to fix this.Since replacing the equipment isn’t a cost effective option, training onsite technicians to better address problems on this machinery when they occur could help reduce the downtime on the line. The threat of production bottlenecks may also be diverted by more general purpose equipment in the packaging area to accommodate sized containers. Our group felt there is an opportunity to improve the comfort, health and motivation of employees by improving ventilation in the packaging area. Table of Contents Executive Summary1Section 1: Company Profile3 Appendix A: Floor Plan †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Appendix B: Thank You Letter †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Section 1: Company Profile Campbell Soup Company (referred throughout this report as â€Å"Campbell’s†), a multi-national corporation headquartered in New Jersey, USA, has been delivering products with an exceptional taste and food experience for over 140 years. Founded in 1869 by Joseph A. Campbell and Abraham Anderson, the company has grown into a global manufacturer and marketer of high-quality onvenience-branded food products with a particular focus on canned tomatoes and vegetables, jellies, soups, condiments and minced meats (Campbell Company of Canada, 2012). Over the last century Campbell’s has developed into the leading house-hold brand name, not only domestically in North America, but globally. At present, Campbell Soup Company is the number one maker of soups in the world and dominates its domestic markets of North America with a market share of 69 percent (Forbe s Canada, 2011).In addition, Campbell’s Company of Canada represents a 60 percent global market share of the $4 billion soup market (Wikinvest, 2010). The wholesome goodness of Campbell’s products entered the Canadian markets on November 28, 1930; where a manufacturing plant was opened up in Toronto, Canada (Funding Universe, 2012). Hired locally from the Toronto area, many generations of families have since contributed to Campbell’s immense success within the soup industry (Funding Universe, 2012).Of the many products offered by the Campbell Soup Company, this report focuses on the soup production and manufacturing operation of Toronto-based Campbell Company of Canada (also referred to Campbell’s throughout this report). Being the sole provider of Campbell products to the entire Canadian market, Campbell Company of Canada runs production 5 days a week on 20 hour work cycles. Conveniently located just north of Lake Ontario, the Campbell Company of Canada plant encompasses 550,000 square feet of property; with 500,000 sq. ft designated for the actual plant and 50,000 sq. t for administrative offices. This plant employs 580 staff members, 430 of whom work within the physical plant, with the remaining 150 working in the offices. To get a better feel of the plant’s functionalities our group engaged in a plant-tour led by Mr. Gord Kirk, who is a Senior Manufacturing Engineer at Campbell Company of Canada. The Toronto-based plant produces a variety of canned aseptic soup & sauces. Of the aseptic soups, 5 types are primarily produced: Vegetable, Tomato, Chicken Noodle, Cream of Mushroom and Beef Broth. According to Mr. Kirk, roughly 1. million products are produced at this plant each day. These products are then shipped to third party retail food chains, mass discounters, mass merchandisers, club stores, convenience stores, drug stores and other retail, commercial and non-commercial establishments (Wikinvest, 2010). Currently, Campb ell Company of Canada’s largest retail customer is Wal-Mart Inc. , which contributed to approximately 18 percent of the company’s consolidated net sales during the 2010 fiscal year and 16 percent in both 2009 and 2008 (Wikinvest, 2010). Appendix A: Plant Layout [pic]Appendix B: Thank-You Letter Monday, March 12th, 2012 Attention: Ms. Bertha Walls and Mr. Gord Kirk On behalf of my team, GMS 401: Operations Management, I would like to take the opportunity to express my sincere gratitude for assisting us with our team project. Each team member contacted numerous companies in order to arrange a plant tour of the facilities, but the policies of these firms prohibited tours due to health and safety concerns. We were quite fortunate to have stumbled upon Campbell’s as a tour option and were delighted when an opening became available. Ms.Walls, from the initial telephone conversation through the two weeks leading up to the day of the tour, you were extremely receptive a nd helpful. In addition to booking our tour promptly and providing us with important details such as plant regulations and safety codes; you took the initiative to provide us with a layout scheme of the Campbell’s plant and a framework of questions and answers which related directly to the key topics of our report. Ms. Walls, my team and I are very thankful for everything you did for us. Your professionalism, knowledge and kindness were phenomenal. Sincerely, Operations Management Team Ryerson University

Nine Dragons Paper Essay

How does Mrs Cheung think? What does she believe in when it comes to building her business? It is interesting to read how NPD gained its’ success through the waste or trash of the United States and Europe. I think this is right in line with how Mrs Cheung thinks; she wants to be ahead of all her competitors and gain every competitive advantage possible. By utilizing the paper waste of higher quality products in the US and Europe, she was able to bring this quality back to China where it was non-existent. As you can see in the reading as well, Mrs Cheung believes in rapid expansion to maximize revenue opportunity and that long term profits will come from taking on a lot of debt. But even as she said when speaking about the economic crisis: â€Å"Now the waves are so big, even some rocks are being washed away.† The economic crisis of 2008 did not only affect the small companies, but also the large and profitable ones like Nine Paper Dragons. How would you summarize the company’s financial status? How does it reflect the business development goals and strategies employed by Mrs Cheung? I would summarize the company’s financial status as struggling at the point this article was written. The company’s unsecured notes were rated as BBB- in April, 2008 and downgraded even lower to BB+ in October of 2008. On top of that, even though the company had a successful IPO in March of 2006, the debt accumulated after this IPO really hurt the company when the financial crisis hit in 2008. This demonstrates Mrs Cheung’s vision to take chances and be the market trend setter for her industry. It appeared though that she spread herself too thin through expansion and also through the large amount of debt she accumulated. Is NDP in trouble? How would you answer differ if you were an existing shareholder, potential investor, or analyst? Yes NDP is in trouble, In September 2007 NDP was at the peak of record share price HK$26.But in 2008 the share price of NDP started falling down and the company also announced they would delay of Rmb1.5 billion for the next 2009 fiscal year and they predicted the paperboard market would rebound but nothing great happen according to the market and they also said they would prepay $100 million of an existing $350 million. But according to the rating agencies the company market health is weak and being an existing shareholder, investor, or an analyst I would go with the rating agencies because they are expert in the share market and on the other hand the company itself issued profit warning, sales, profit forecast downward. And since company has an $350 million loan out which company said they would prepay $100 million to the bank and still on the balance amount the interest would keep on increasing and it means the debt of the company is increasing and even many bank’s have stopped answering there calls. As said by morgan Stanley the company earnings growth is based on expansion plans if they don’t expand it will effect the company target and growth.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Stop Book Banning

Stop Book Banning! Should school administrators be allowed to ban books? Of course not! They are abusing their power of having the right to teach children. They want to ban a book just because it shows the true past of America, which some students cannot handle. They should not shield the past; if anything they should tell everything about the past and explain to the students why the events occurred. They should understand why America did the things it did so that they will not be ashamed of the country that they live in and they can then defend their country to anybody trying to put it down.One reason administrators should not be allowed to ban books is because it takes the right and freedom to choose what is read, away from the parents and students. Doesn’t it say in the first amendment that all people have the freedom of speech and the freedom of the press? By writing a book you are expressing and sharing your opinions which is exercising the freedom of speech, and by putti ng your words down on paper, you are exercising your freedom of the press. Why then are the school administrators trying to take our rights away from us?What makes them think they have the right to take away our freedoms given to us from the first amendment of the Constitution? The article â€Å"Book Banning Efforts are Up, Poll Finds† by Hillel Italie, says, ‘â€Å"It all stems from a fearfulness of well-meaning people,† said Michael Gorman, president of the library association. â€Å"We believe in parental responsibility, and that you should take care of what your children are reading. But it’s not your responsibility to tell a whole class of kids what they should read. ’ This is saying that yes you do have the right to decide what your kid reads, however you cannot decide what other kids should read. This also applies to the administrators. They can decide what their kid can read, but they cannot decide what an entire school can or cannot read. Another reason to not ban books is because it prevents kids from learning. How can we learn about the past and the way America was back when the great American authors wrote, when the administrators take away the books that teach us this, preventing us from learning?How can we learn of the language of the olden days when we cannot read this language? How are we supposed to learn the history of our ancestors and their ancestors when there is a possibility that administrators will ban the book that will help us do so? Why are the people of America letting these administrators get away with this cruel and unjust act? The article â€Å"Let Me Poison My Mind with Books† by Craig Pearson states, â€Å"Just like muscles, the brain requires pushups.The more ideas we expose ourselves to the more we devise our own. That’s why education, and thus reading, is so essential, even if by some people’s account what we read is dirty. † People should be able to choose for t hemselves what they read, and nobody else should be able to tell them differently. One person reads a book and learns something from that particular book. However, another person can read the exact same book and learn something completely different from what the first person learned.Why should this fact of life and learning be taken away because one person reads a book, learns something they don’t like from it, and then proceeds to take that book away from others, even though they will most likely learn something different then what the person trying to ban the book learned? The reason for the first person trying to ban the book could be something that another reader does not even notice or care about and it therefore does not impact them. So why are people so worried? One argument to my case could be that some people feel that these books should be banned to protect students from indecent and controversial material.But why should books be banned to protect one student in a s chool of hundreds, when none of the other kids or their parents feels that they need that kind of protection? You can not protect one kid from material if it means preventing others from that material. Instead, the kid who needs â€Å"protecting† should learn to protect themselves and choose not to read that material that could be harmful to him/her. Students need to learn to make decisions for themselves and banning material from a library is in no way helping them learn for themselves.If they are sheltered their whole life then what is going to happen when they embrace the real world? In the article â€Å"Did You Ever Meet a Book You Didn’t Like? † by Sharon Coatney, she says, â€Å"That being said, books are meant to be chosen carefully. Some titles are appropriate in one situation and not in another, for one child and not another. † I think she says it beautifully. Every kid needs to look at the book, asses it, and make sure it is something that they can and want to read. Each book that is made has a purpose.This could mean that that book is meant to be read by a certain kid at a certain point in their life so as to help guide that kid through life. All books have the chance to influence a kid’s life, so why would administrators want to prevent the book from somehow helping someone? Why can’t the administrators put themselves in our shoes? If the roles were reversed they would feel the same as we do. Why then do they have no compassion? Why can’t they do for us what we would do for them? The saying goes, â€Å"Treat others the way you want to be treated. † Young children can do it. Why can’t we?

Monday, July 29, 2019

Discussion on Motivation Enhancing Performance and Role of Self Essay

Discussion on Motivation Enhancing Performance and Role of Self Management and Organizational Behavior - Essay Example So the self managed work terms are being implemented for the some of the past decades. The motivation and self management help the employee as well as the employer improving the organization. The former can be organized by the management and the later depends on employee. By self motivating employee should try to improve the productivity of the company. Hence the target should be to attain the goals of the company (Mitchell, T. R. 1973). Goal setting is important for attaining and according to Rousseau DM (1997), the competitive environments translate into a new focus in organizational research. Hence organizational behavior is important in employee and employer relations thus managing the performance. The employee-employer relations need self management, discontinuous information processing, organization learning, organizational change as well as individual transitions. The implementation of change for work-non work relations also adds to the above-mentioned activities of organizational behavior. One of the important aspect is to extend the traditional concepts according to change to attain goals after their setting (Rousseau, D. M. 1997). The challenges regarding goal attainment give rise to application of employee self-management through teams known as self-managing teams.

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Healthcare Plan Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Healthcare Plan Issues - Essay Example nds in the economy have added to the woes of the masses and created a vulnerable segment in the society whose healthcare has become a major concern for the government. President Obama’s national healthcare plans have been hailed as a major initiative in the field. While it is true that the healthcare system of the government has come under lot of threat from various factors like recessive economy, changing socio-economic pattern and increasing pluralistic society, the most damaging has been the insurance sector that has increasingly become market driven. Healthcare plans have just become insurance products and the common man as their consumer. In such a scenario, the poor have no choice but to compromise on their insurance package that may not fully meet their health requirements. The prices and the level of services or healthcare modules become have become crucial factors in the delivery of healthcare insurance. The plans introduce stringent measures to control discrimination based on gender, age and existing illnesses, thereby ensuring limit to the escalating insurance premium. There is protection for senior citizens and extra expenditure on flu shots, mammogram, diabetes tests etc. have now been incorporated within the insurance package so as to improve healthcare delivery and reduce extra burden on the common man. The plans also initiate various fringe benefits like tax credit for individuals and small businesses to get insurance with a ‘real choice’. Public health insurance provides cover to people who cannot afford and has made provisions to protect people with pre-existing condition by creating national ‘high risk’ pool. The cost would be met through savings and extra expenditure, if incurred, would be addressed through cuts and austerity measures. The hospital, doctors, specialists and physicians would be given incentive for improved quality in healthcare delivery. There would be special team of experts that would overseas the waste, fraud and

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Business enviornment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Business enviornment - Assignment Example Among the others factors that may impact the way business runs its activities is the external environment, which elements can manipulate company’s marketing and thus require the organization to make adjustments and revisions of its strategy and vision. It is known that customers are among those external elements that are able to influence the business the most and thus the company should know that good relationship with clients is based on finding ways to influence them to purchase one’s products. Besides, such political or legal forces that the government regulations develop play an important role in the cost of business doing and its ability to enlarge its activities in new markets. New regulations can increase one’s unit costs and thus affect company’s profit margins. Besides, for the organizations that act internationally, the laws of the other countries create certain obstacles for the companies in their ability to bring product into foreign markets. Among the other factors of external environment that influence the company’s performance are the economic factors that determine how market products and how much money one can spend on certain business growth. The public perception is also an important factor that can help the company to prosper or ruin its image at once. However, it is also up to company to commit such an influence on public opinion by using public relations professionals and strategic information, monitoring of public opinion in order to try and smooth potential issues. One of the best known tools that enable the company to analyze the factors that influence its activities the most, is the  PESTLE analysis. It is used to identify and analyze the key drivers in the business environment. The factors that may put an impact of one’s business activity go for political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors and they should researched and brainstormed by each organization in order to

Friday, July 26, 2019

Chinese classical poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chinese classical poetry - Essay Example So Zhang writes her two poems explaining his feelings. Ying-yings response seems to suggest that he should sneak in at night and visit her, but when he does she yells at him, rebuking him for being so selfish and so uncaring about other peoples lives. She tells him he should be ashamed and tells him he should not "sink to the point where you molest people," which she says he has done with his poetry (543). For some reason, though, Ying-ying then decides to go to his house and sleep with him. The reasons for this are not entirely clear, unless she has actually fallen in love with him through his poetry despite her harsh words the night before. It might also have something to do with the intent of the story on the authors behalf, since at the end of it he claims that women are full of lust and "will inevitably cast a curse on others if they dont do the same to themselves" (548). So it seems that Zhang is completely uncaring about Ying-yings fate, and strangely he seems to think that he is the victim, not her. Despite all these attempts to snub Ying-ying and oppress her, she does get the last laugh and ultimately maintains control over her own life. In her final letter to Zhang she sends him three objects which, although she claims they will represent her love and her good wishes for Zhang, actually seem to be rebuking him again. She says that the jade ring is supposed to teach the lesson of "what is firm and lustrous," and we have seen that Zhang is not this and Ying-ying is (546). The other two items she sends also represent her own feelings and seem to insult him for his lack of care for others. After the letter a year passes and both of them marry someone else. This suggests that Ying-ying was actually not all that upset and managed to move on with her life. However, when Zhang tries to see her and she refuses he is upset and it

Thursday, July 25, 2019

International relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

International relations - Essay Example In 180 almost years, the United States grew to a big, socially incorporated and industrialized nation, which still forms around a fifth of the globe’s economy (Taylor 56). The U.S. is home to several cultures and also ethnic groups, values and traditions. However, the core American culture was influenced by British Protestant colonists and fully shaped by the frontier settlement procedure, with the resulting characteristics passed down to descendants (Soss 108). The American ideology was formed from three underpinnings, moderate, liberal-progressive or conservative (Leffler 34). The genesis of American liberalism lies in the Enlightenment (Taylor 57). The United States Constitution of 1787 established the first modern republic, with independence in the people and no inherited ruling aristocracy. America’s national interest it to become a super power militarily, educationally, economically, entrepreneurially, technologically and culturally. Not only is the United States economy the worlds biggest, but Americans lead the globe economy as both exporters and importers (Soss 115). The United States leads the globe in innovations and inventions of all kinds, and the entire world benefits from them (Taylor 57). These tools allow humans everywhere to tap into the big wealth of information available online, as well as share ideas unconstrained by national borders. Critics believe that the fruits of over a half-century of UN’s involvement are endless war making abroad for an indefinable peace, which is always approaching, the deteriorating of the U.S. armed forces, as well as their steady subordination to intercontinental authority, an open forum for America’s enemies to demean the nation and its adversaries to infiltrate and finally subversion of the American religious, cultural and educational institutions (Chaulia 1). For a long time now, Americans have permitted the globalists at the United Nations and in their own

Comparison of Sourcing Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparison of Sourcing Strategies - Essay Example There are different factors that can be considered in terms of the determination of the effects and the understanding of the sourcing process.  Ã‚  One of the most important strategic advantages in terms of managing the supplier base is by having fewer and solid suppliers for the materials and services needed in operation.   In addition, it is important to consider that local suppliers can be given priority to be able to lessen the processes needed to be undertaken as well as periodically check the quality of the materials and services procured.In the complex interaction of the supplier and the organizations, supplier alliances are being established.   In cases wherein there are changes in the supplier alliances in terms of the support given to a particular provider, the main affected are is the supply chain.   This can be related to the importance of following the strategic allocation of sourcing services.   If a particular supplier failed to provide the materials or servi ce needed the whole process is disrupted and the end product cannot be achieved.  Ã‚  Based on the study undertaken then, sourcing can be considered as one of the inevitable development of the current era to be able to answer the demands of the international community in a variety of goods and services.   For that matter, the strategic decision-making process in relation to sourcing is needed to be undertaken to optimize the advantages and benefits that can be derived from the said concept and process.

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Critical evaluation of why G4S Security Company failed in the 2012 Assignment

Critical evaluation of why G4S Security Company failed in the 2012 Olympic - Assignment Example The main reason behind the failure of the contract between Olympic committee and G4S was the staffing problem of the company. G4S could not maintain the terms if the contract and thus the contract cost them a huge amount. G4S, the largest international security solutions group, specialises in providing security solutions to those countries where risk of safety and security are conceived as a serious strategic threat. The company has provided successful security solutions to many countries but after the death of Jimmy Mubenga in 2010, it had started to face its darkest days. Several controversies followed the death and later in 2012 the security disaster at Olympic Games provided a severe blow to the company’s strategic actions and the company had to pay a huge amount as penalty (Taylor, 2012). If the issue is looked upon very closely, it can be observed that the company had undertaken many wrong policies for taking the contract of providing security solutions to Olympic Games. It overvalued the number of security personnel and also increased the pay of the chief executives when the company was encountering huge loss. All the issues led to the failure of the contract with the Olympic committee. However, the company has to pay an amount of  £ 88 million as penalty. The report highlights the facts that lead to the failure of the security contract of G4S with Olympic Games in 2012 (Shift Media Publication, 2013). The main issue was staffing problem and the company shares were also falling as the investors came to know about the issue. If the financial statements of the company are studied it can be noticed that the Annual Report 2012 does not have any transaction information regarding Olympic 2012. The financial statements do not have information regarding the transaction pertaining to Olympic Games. The only existence of the incident is written in small letter in the Performance Highlights section of

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Rhetorical Analysis (Ad Critique) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rhetorical Analysis (Ad Critique) - Essay Example The advertisement may look silly and nonsensical. It showed how everybody was moved to dance including the characters in the video game and painting but this silliness made the audience immediately understand what the ad is all about – that it is an energy drink. The audience may not understand what is in the drink or what the ingredients are, but they know that whatever is in the energy can surely make one move. Of course the audience know that the advertisement is exaggerated. But they do not necessarily believe whatever was shown in the ad that even the animals, painting and video character dance. The ad may not be physically feasible but it appealed to the audience’s tickle bone that made the advertisement funny and memorable. In this advertisement, the pathos or emotional is taken to the extreme because other rhetorical device were discarded particularly the logos or logic. In an effort of the advertisement to make an impression to its audience through the use of pathos, it disregarded the consideration of logic. Such, the advertisement did not mind if it made any sense or not. It just wanted to sell its product after all and not to make sense. Mountain Dew knows that it is not reason that makes people buy but rather their emotion. So the approach of the advertisement is to make a point that the audience understands that the product that the advertisement is trying to sell will make them energetic. It was able to achieve this by showing that everybody in the ad danced after the main characters drank the energy drink. Never mind if it is impossible or silly to see a painting dance or a mounted deer or even a dog to dance. As long as the audience finds it cute and made them smile or laugh, then the ad had served its purpose of appealing to the emotion of the audience and most likely, they will buy the product when they see one. The Mountain Dew Kickstart

Monday, July 22, 2019

Benetton baby Essay Example for Free

Benetton baby Essay Benetton baby was produced as a 1991 advertising campaign that also included images of a priest kissing a nun and coloured leaves floating in a sea of petrol. Although I would presume Benetton would be trying to show the beauty and goodness of the new born baby they claim Benetton is not trying to emphasise the beauty a and goodness of its apparel, but rather is trying to capture the interest or people The objective is to brake through the barrier of indifference. But I believe that the image is in anyway offensive or wrong. The image consists of a newborn baby trailing its umbilical cord, the baby is covered in blood, and two hands, presumably of a Doctor, are waiting to receive the child. This was created to appear on billboard so the shire size would make the image impossible to be missed. The background is white therefore the baby stands out. The logo is included to the left of the advertisement and is very small almost insignificant. The image is very clear and not edited in any way to make the situation more attractive I agree with the advertisement entirely. Although it is a strange way to advertise I have no objections. The image is very large and might not be what all people want to witness it but birth of babies are publicized on the television as entertainment or education in more graphic detail. Isnt a baby being born the most wonderful experience? But people did however complain, the public disagreed strongly with this image the poster. Has attracted more than 800 complaints. 800 is not a particularly large amount when in comparison with the millions that would have witness the advertisement. The complaints consisted of the image is shocking and distasteful , many children are reported to have found it disturbing and objections regarding the exploitative use of such an image to sell clothes. All complaints where made to an advertising organisation called the ASA. The Advertising Standards Authority began in 1962 by the advertising industry. The ASA practises a voluntary code of practice called The British Code of Advertising and sales promotion practise. The code declares that all advertisements must be legal, decent honest and truthful. They must not be offensive or downgrade competitors they must not deliberately misinform. Benetton baby does break some of these rules. The first rule broken in some points of view is decency No advert should contain any matter that is likely to cause widespread offence. The advert may be offensive to a mother who recently had a miscarriage. As to a woman whose child has recently died or to a woman who cannot become a mother. Etc. however this information cant be held against Benetton as a second rule in the code states, [t]he fact that a product may be found offensive by some people Is not a sufficient basis under the code for objecting an advertisement for it therefore the advert is within its own rights. Honesty . cause be easily grasped and clearly understood the advertisement isnt entirely clear. From the advertisement alone you are not able to grasp what exactly the clothing company is retailing. However the advertisement does not lead you to believe that the Benetton Company sells babies or anything else, for that matter. Looking death in the face An ad showing the image of a man dying of AIDS, surrounded by his family. The logo is present also but, as with the others, it is small and unimportant. The camera shot is very provocative, it is very close up. The dying man obviously and purposely is made to resemble Jesus this has been done by computer. The image almost makes you fell an intruder in the scene. This has led to furious debate about the limits of advertising. Benetton claims, It was as if the reality of suffering only had dignity and moral value in the editorial section of a newspaper and lost all its ability to denounce and sensitize people when in `contagious contact with advertising. Published by an English daily before its official presentation, the photo provoked a controversy that extended from Great Britain throughout the world. The AIDS ad may, however be seen by some as trying to profit from peoples pain rather than simply offending the more traditionalist members of society. One British AIDS charity agreed, while some American gay activists disagree, saying the advertisements gives the issue a higher public profile. The parents of the dying man may feel the same since, according to Benetton, they approved the companys use of the photo. With this new project, Benetton has once again chosen to look reality in the face by embarking upon a social issue, as he did in previous campaigns that focused on war, Aids, discrimination and racism. Harshly attacked by some and internationally applauded by others, Benettons campaigns have managed to tear down the wall of indifference contributing at increasing the awareness of universal problems among worlds citizens. Both the advertisements, Benettons baby and looking death in the face Where concealed and eventually banned across the world. There is more to this than the old saying that all publicity is good publicity. Oliviero Toscani, Benettons adman, claims the campaigns are not designed to offend, but rather to raise consciousness. A more plausible interpretation is that Benetton is trying to sell sweaters to the young and hip and those who like to think of themselves in that way. What better means to appeal to them than by offending an older generation of their parents? 7th January 2000 At the beginning of the new millennium, Benetton publicized the real faces of the prisoners on death row, without a future. Remorseful or unremorseful, smiling or sad, healthy or ill, they all are guilty in the eyes of the human law. Many have their arms crossed; one is shown reading the Bible. Almost all of them are looking directly at the camera, at you. These portraits of dozens of individuals sentenced to death are the results of Oliviero Toscanis two years of work which he visited several American prisons. The campaign is about the death penalty this project aims at presentation to the public the reality of capital punishment, aiming to prevent people considering the death penalty as a distant matter, just something they might hear about on television. Toscanis images intend to give back a human face to the prisoners on death row, to remind respectable people who are always so sure theyre right that these people are human Beings not virtual characters easily removed or secured with a simple click as with a game. The campaign appeared on billboards and on the pages of the major publishing companies around Europe, America and Asia in January 2000. Toscani spoke for the prisoners when he said, that having killed has changed them forever, and for the worst. Speedy Rice a writer, on behalf of the NACDl (National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers) who has contributed to the campaign by patiently contacting and negotiating with prisons Mr. Rice mentions that during 1999 there has been a huge rise in the number of executions in the United States. Of the 600 death sentences that were passed between 1976 and the end of the 20thcentury, approximately 100 executions were carried out in 1999. Benetton advertisements to me have a strong meaning, which differs from individual to individual. For some the adverts are merely indicating how ignorant the world is today. How people emphasise on looking a certain way and how they foresee others. To others they may be seen as a source of entertainment something to discuss on the train or to your local cab driver that will never silence. There are many other views but mine is this I agree entirely with the advertisements, although others wont. The ads are unique and contain moral issues that may keep the brain puzzled all day to find. As there has been such uproar in disagreement concerning the ads this has given Benetton a vast amount of free advertisement. I like all the adverts I have been analysing although I do prefer the death row images. These appeal to me a majority more as they have more of a moral message, and become challenging to comprehend the death penalty law. You are left asking yourself, Do I agree with the death penalty? All of the benetton advertisements caused great amounts of controversial disagreement. The three mentioned esspecialy, as to more than half the world they have no meaning, as to others they offend highly.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

What Are The Impacts Of Bottled Water Environmental Sciences Essay

What Are The Impacts Of Bottled Water Environmental Sciences Essay I believe that bottled water should be banned, because of the environmental impact the health affects they cause. Bottled water is obviously not a healthier or cleaner option to normal tap water. Also, bottled water is despicably expensive when you compare it to the cost per gallon of tap water. Almost all bottled water sold in the United States is tap water, which is put in plastic bottles and sold at huge profits. So pretty much what youre doing is buying the same water that you could drink at your house for FREE. Also, if a person is choosing between tap water and bottled water, tap water is clearly the more economical and the healthier option.   A high school would be the beginning, but after cities would be banning water bottles and maybe even countries. Keep on reading to find out more about the hazards of water bottles and why water bottles should be banned at Firstly, Id like to take about the environmental impact water bottles cause. Enormous amounts of greenhouse gases are produced from manufacturing the plastic bottles. According to a 2001 report of the World Wide Fund for Nature, approximately 1.5 million tons of plastic are used in the bottling of 89 billion litres of water each year. Other than the amount of plastic bottles produced each year, the energy essential to produce and transfer these bottles to the market uncontrollably drains limited fossil fuels. Did you know that each year the making of the plastic water bottles used in the U.S takes sufficient oil and energy to fuel a million cars? Millions of gallons of fuel are wasted daily transporting filtered tap water around the world and across countries. All the energy to make the bottle, even more to ship it around the planet and then we drink it in about two minutes? And do you know what happens when youre finished with that bottle? Ninety percent of water bottles end up in l andfills where they sit for thousands of years or in incinerators where theyre burned releasing toxic pollution. I dont see this as being recycling; real recycling would be turning the bottles back into bottles, which happens to only ten percent of the water bottles. Pretty much what the government is doing, is wasting so much money and energy to pollute our earth.  Bottled water companies have made a momentous strain on the environment, due to their tolerant use of precious resources and their manufacturing of billions of plastic bottles. The second reason water bottles should be banned is because of the health affects they cause. The Environmental Working Group let out a shocking report exposing the truth behind bottled water. The EWG tested 10 brands of US bottled water and found a shocking display of contaminants, including:  · cancer-causing by products of chlorination  · fertilizer residue like nitrate and ammonia  · industrial solvents  · caffeine  · pharmaceuticals like Tylenol  · heavy metals and minerals including arsenic and radioactive isotopes  · a broad range of other, tentatively identified industrial chemicals In general the bottled water tested contained 38 chemical toxins altogether, with a standard of eight contaminants in each brand. In some cases, it appears bottled water is no less polluted than tap water and, at 1,900 times the cost, consumers should expect better, said Jane Houlihan, co-author of the study. Also, according to a 1999 Natural Resources Defense Council study, at least one sample of bottled water had chemical contaminants at points above severe health limits, of the 22 percent brands that were tested. Some of the contaminants found could pose health hazards if consumed over an extended period of time. Goethe University at Frankfurt, Germany studies found out that a very big percentage of the bottled water in the plastic bottles was polluted with estrogenic substances. The researchers think that some of the contamination in the plastic containers came from the plastic containers themselves. Researchers suggest that water bottles should be washed and reused in order to r educe their harmful impact on the environment. Unfortunately, reusing plastic decreases quality of the water, because of the uncontrollable amount of phthalate that  seep their way in the water as the bottle gets older. Most kinds of plastic bottles are safe to use again at least a few times if appropriately washed, but latest exposure about chemicals in plastic bottles are enough to scare even the most dedicated environmentalists from reusing them or even buying them in the first place. Research has pointed out that food and drinks put in plastic containers may carry a trace of Bisphenol A (PBA), an artificial compound that gets in the way with the bodys normal hormonal messaging system. According to the  Environment California Research Policy Center, which re-examined 130 studies on the matter report that, BPA has been linked to breast and uterine cancer, a raised chance of miscarriage, and declined testosterone levels. BPA can also inflict chaos on childrens developing syste ms. Also, parents should be aware that most baby bottles are made with plastics containing BPA. Most scientists and doctors agree that the quantity of BPA that could sneak into food and drinks is probably very small, but there are worries about the growing effect of small doses. Researchers also recommend not reusing bottles made from polyethylene terephthalate, including the majority of disposable water, soda and juice bottles. According to  The Green Guide, that type of plastic are safe for one time use, but re-using them should be avoided because studies show they may leach DEHP, (another probable human carcinogen) when they are in less-than-perfect condition. It seems there is no realistic or reasonable resolution to this crisis. The bottled water is a multibillion dollar industry that causes a harsh strain on the environment and many health problems. In conclusion, I believe that water bottles should be banned because of the environmental impacts and health affects they cause. Also, we should consider the expenses used into the making and the transferring of the water bottles from one place to another. In the United States, bottled water costs between $0.25 and $2 per bottle while tap water costs less than $0.01. Around the globe, a billion people dont have access to clean water. However cities all over the world are spending millions of dollars to deal with all the plastic bottles thrown out.  What if we spent that money improving our water systems or even better, developing better water systems in third world countries? Just remember could be the beginning of this change, but after cities would be banning water bottles and maybe even countries.

Shock Advertising Effective Way To Develop Social Awareness Media Essay

Shock Advertising Effective Way To Develop Social Awareness Media Essay Mass Media is the fundamental tool in the information society. In general, Mass Media can be defined as a message sent to a lot of people simultaneously; it is the vehicle to transmit information to an audience which is most of the time, heterogeneous regarding sex, age, religion, socio-economical level, etc. Nowadays, there are several kinds of Mass Media such as the radio, the television and the newspapers etc which deliver the information through audio, visual or audio visual channels. Lets think about the function of the Mass media! It is clear that one of the main function that they fulfill is to keep people acknowledge about the most current events that happen around the world both nationally and internationally, but it is the only one function that they have?-the answer is obvisoly no;Mass Media fulfill many functions in our society , but now I am going to mention only the most important ones which are :1)inform, 2) Surveillance,3)Service the economic system ,4)Entertain 5)Hold the society together 5)Persuade , etc. Now, I want to focus myself on the third and the fifth function because they are very connects into each other. Lets analyze the following situation : economic system in any country depends on a key element called consumers, so if there are not consumers , I mean , people who buy the products and services that the market offers(food , clothes, electro domestics, etc) it could be possible that an area of the economic system suffers a crisis. If it oc curs one of the most effective way to encourage people to buy, would the use of the Mass Media as persuasive technique .So as I you see, economic system and persuasion are elements closely connected. Nowadays, one of the strongest tools that Mass Media use to persuade is Adverting. , Advertising is the attempt to inform and persuade a large number of people with a single communication (Longman, 1971). Advertising is about delivering controlled messages to many people simultaneously and at a low cost per message (Wilmshurst, 1985).The main feature of the ads is that they are created in an attractive manner for the viewers. Most of the advertisement that we watch or listen to are created for an economic purpose; they offer products and services in order to persuade the audience to buy them. But, they also can be focused on promoting certain ideas in relation with controversial topics that are currently affecting our society. At the same time they deliver information, they also dissuade people to purchase their behavior and to develop awareness in regards to social issues (heath, politics, social and environmental issues etc): in this category can be found the so- called Shock advertisements. This name refers to particular features that this type of advertising ha s such as that are controversial, disturbing , explicit and crass at the time to deliver the message( ). They also apply certain tactics to persuade their audience which are mainly, fear, guilty, compassion, etc. That way, the combination of those feelings in an announcement is supposed to work well to. But does it really work? Is shock advertising an effective way to develop social awareness? or are they just a manner of offending people? Shock ads can be effective depending on the way they appeals to audiences feelings. Shock ads appeal to the deepest feelings of fear, guilty, sadness, disgust, etc .So, they used to work with impacts images that usually show the consequences of approaching behavior.Currently, one of the most common examples of shock advertisements are related to lethal diseases that are affecting strongly to the society such as HIV, Breast cancer, diseases caused by the excessive use of cigarettes etc .Lets think in this last one, the use of cigarettes. In our society is has become very that people start smoking to early age and continue smoking during all their life. This excessive usage of cigarettes can cause serious diseases such Lung cancer and other health problems which decrease the quality of peoples life. Smoking is a dangerous vice which can end with peoples death. So, what do advertisers do to develop awareness in regard to this issue? They resort to the persuasion through the creation of shock ads which show impacts images about the negative effects of smoking in people parts of body like teeth, mouth, trachea, lungs etc. Even though, these images can impact to the audience, they also need to produce change in peoples behavior so they need to appeal to the precise feeling to obtain positive results. According to researchers in the United States, in order for anti-smoking adverts to be effective they must either scare or disgust the audience. A study by researchers at the University of Missouri has revealed that ads which have a combination of both fear and disgust content decrease viewers attention and memory but those which focus on one or the other, increased attention in viewers. But, to be honest, the fact that these images attract the viewers attention and impact them is a guarantee that they will change their behaviors and will stop smoking? And what happen when the audience becomes accustomed to see those kinds of ads? Does it cause the hopeful results? In 2009, several researches were carried out to pro the effectiveness of shocking advertisements in Great Britain and according to Professor Alex Gardner, a chartered psychotherapist and psychologist, shocking ads traditionally worked however, if the same tactics and the same message are being used all the time, and then it will only become wallpaper to a person. So, as this research shows, using the same images and tactics all the time for communicating messages to the audience doesnt work very well. Now, lets analyze what happen with the case of shock advertisement used for anti- smoking campaigns. They used to work with images that show the negatives effects of smoking in peoples body parts: damaged teeth, gory lungs, etc. That way, with the purpose of keeping peoples interest and for they dont become desensitized, advertisers use another images which are also shocking but in a different way: for example, showing pictures where a child is smoking a cigarette and is saying: I wanna be like you .What does this ad communicate? Essentially, it also talks about the consequences of smoking but through of a new message which is not as explicit as the images of damaged part of the body .This message makes people realize that when they smoke , they damage not only their heath but also theirs children heath. As Andy Nairn, the executive planning di- rector of Miles Cal crafts Briginshaw Duffy in Great Britain. Says:By featuring extreme, shocking images, youre giving people a get-out clause, making them think: I m not that bad. Shock stimuli influence in a positive way the comprehension of the messages and increase retention of them in the viewers. There are three levels of shock in advertising: visceral shock, intellectual shock, and for lack of a better term, soul shock (Bruce Grierson, 1998). So, when an audience watches a shock ad about a specific issue (social, health, environmental, etc) one of these three levels will react. Although shock advertising is effective as they attract peoples attention and facilitate retention in the viewers, they can also be people in several ways. What is more, in one of theirs definition Venkat and Abi Hanna said, shock advertising appeal and, indeed shock, is regarded as, and advertisement that deliberately offends its audience. Lets analyze what kind of offences shock ads can elicit to the audience that watch or listen to them. The offences are closely in relation with violating norms either social or religious which should not be broken up. But, what is norm violation? According to Baron and Byrne (1997), is the violation of shared expectations within a social group, of their rules what is acceptable what is unacceptable. That way, shock ads show both certain messages and images that break these norms in many ways. There are a lot of manners that advertisers can offend their audience which are :obscenity, sexual references, profanity , vulgarity ,religious taboos , etc . There are many ways in which shock ads offend people ,specially, social and religious organizations. Members of Catholic religion have been strongly offended by the images that shock ads show,. One of the most reminded ads is called kissing-nun sensual kiss with the sacred vows pronounced by men and women who enter religious orders. This advertisement caused a high impact in the viewers who are encoring to refuse the ideas and beliefs of Catholicism. This offended in a terrible way the whole catholic community. So, the use of this ad was finally banned. But lets think in the final purpose of this ad , it try to bring awareness or it is just trying to promote ideas against the Catholicism. It actually does not have a real purpose. Taking all in consideration, we are living in a society which is constantly receiving lot information. This information is delivered by the Mass Media which can be defined as a message sent to a lot people simultaneously .It is the vehicle to deliver information to the audience which is most of the time heterogeneous.Mass media is a key tool in the knowledge and information society because it fulfills several functions such as: :1)inform, 2) Surveillance,3)Service the economic system ,4)Entertain 5)Hold the society together 5)Persuade , etc.There are of these functions which are closely related: they are the economic system and to persuade. Economic system of any country depends in a direct way of a key element called costumers, that is to say, people who buy the products and services that the market offers. If there are not buyers it is probably that an economical crisis occurs. Therefore, it is necessary that exist something which encourages people to buy: Something or someone that persuade people. This is the role of a technique called advertising. Advertising is the attempt to inform and persuade a large number of people with a single communication (Longman), 1971).It needs to be created in a very attractive manner to attract audiences attention and persuade people for they to buy the products and services that the ad offers. But, ads not also offer products and services but also they promote ideas regard to social issues that are affecting our society. In that category we can find a special type of advertising which is called shock advertising. This type of ads has become very popular in our society because of the particular tactics that they use to attract the attention of the viewers. In few words, shock ads are disturbing, controversial and crass at the time to deliver the messages. They use the shock factor in order to impact their audience for influencing behavioral changes. But does it work? It is shock advertising an effective to develop social awar eness? Shock ads use the shock factor which a very strong tool at the time to attract the attention. Shock factor cause a high impact in peoples mind and help to promote changes in their behaviors. Nowadays, Shock advertisements are focused on communicates messages which have relation with health problems and its effects. Antismoking Campaigns have become popular because they used to work with shock images. That appeal to the most deepest peoples feelings..the effeteness of a shock ad depends on the way it appeal t audiences feelings , how the shock stimuli works for people to comprehend the messages and change their behavior..Shock ads can be a very useful tool to develop awareness in our society but it also can be offensive in the way they do not contribute to the society.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

The Importance of Women Soldiers in the Civil War Essay -- women involv

Women have been fighting in wars since the late eighteen-hundreds even though until around WWI they were not permitted to serve. Originally women involved in battle had few jobs such as becoming nurses, spies, etc. while the men fought for days on end. What would happen if the two worlds collided? Women would cross-dress to fight alongside the men. This was common along the war front as women wanted to accompany their husbands or other family in battle, and some wanted to be patriotic and serve for their country. These women put their lives on the line and played the part of a comrade in war, and people believed them until they were discovered and sometimes sent back home. Although women had small roles as nurses, those who took on the important role of secretly becoming soldiers in battle ultimately changed women’s roles in society. The decision to cross-dress wasn’t very easy for many women who joined the army, however for some they felt it was absolutely necessary. As a child, Sara Emma Edmonds received a book about a woman who dressed as a male pirate in the American Revolution. Soon Edmonds had found a hero in this character and later stated in her memoirs that â€Å"when [she] read where ‘Fanny’ cut off her brown hair and donned the blue jacket and stepped into the freedom and glorious independence of masculinity, [she] threw up [her] old straw hat and shouted.†(Tsui 7). She had been inspired from an early age and escaped to masculinity when she was fifteen with the help of her mother. From there she joined the Union army as Franklin Thompson and fought as she had intended. Another factor that influenced women and their decision to join the army was their husbands or other male family members. Loreta Janeta Valazquez succumbed to... ...Civil War. Guilford, CT: TwoDot, 2003. 23-35. Print. Tsui, Bonnie. "Sarah Emma Edmonds." She Went to the Field: Women Soldiers of the Civil War. Guilford, CT: TwoDot, 2003. 7-22. Print. "Women's Changing Roles during the Civil War." The Herald-Mail. N.p., 16 Sept. 2002. Web. 06 Mar. 2014. Wakeman, Sarah Rosetta. "July, 1863-December, 1863." An Uncommon Soldier: The Civil War Letters of Sarah Rosetta Wakeman, Alias Private Lyons Wakeman, 153rd Regiment, New York State Volunteers. Ed. Lauren M. Cook. Pasadena, MD: Minerva Center, 1994. 41-42. Print. Blanton, DeAnne, and Lauren M. Cook. "Means and Motivations." They Fought like Demons: Women Soldiers in the American Civil War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 2002. 27-30. Print. "GENERAL SAMANTHA LEE A Tiger's Heart." General Samantha Lee. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Mar. 2014. .

Friday, July 19, 2019

History of the Computer :: Technology

History of the Computer The Analytical and Difference Engines (1835-1869): The English mathematician Charles Babbage (1792-1871) never got to build his invention, but his design had an uncanny resemblance to the modern computer. Ada Lovelace, Lord Byron's daughter, wrote eloquently about the device and was history's first programmer. The ABC (Atanasoff Berry Computer) (1938): John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry designed the first electronic digital computer at Iowa State, and urged the university to patent their design. Nothing was ever done and millions in potential royalties were lost. The project was abandoned in 1942 without building the computer. The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) (1946): was built at the University of Pennsylvania by John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert. Recognized as the first operational electronic computer, it could perform 5,000 additions per second, weighed 30 tons, and required 1,500 square feet of floor space. UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer) (1951): The world's first commercial computer (a total of 15 were sold) gained public recognition when it was used by CBS to predict Eisenhower's 1952 presidential election. The original UNIVAC was officially retired on October 3, 1963, after 73,000 hours of operation, and is now on display at the Smithsonian Institution. The IBM 360 (1964): The 360 series pioneered the concept of upward compatibility whereby a user could upgrade from one computer to the next without having to reprogram existing applications. The machine was viewed as an enormous financial gamble, but paid off handsomely as it gave IBM a dominance in mainframes which it has never relinquished. Altair 8800 (1975): The January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics featured the Altair 8800 on its cover: the first personal computer and a machine that the hobbyist could build from a kit. 2000 adventurous readers sent in their orders (sight unseen) for a kit that cost $439. The Altair had no keyboard or monitor and no available software and was programmed by switches on the front panel. Apple II (1977): The Apple Il was a fully assembled home computer in an attractive case, complete with keyboard, connection to a TV screen, color, memory to 64Kb, and BASIC interpreter. The machine was to launch the personal computer revolution and vault its founders, Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, from garage to glory. IBM PC (1981): IBM was neither first nor technologically innovative, but their announcement put the personal computer on the desks of America's business people, just as Apple had put the computer in the home. History of the Computer :: Technology History of the Computer The Analytical and Difference Engines (1835-1869): The English mathematician Charles Babbage (1792-1871) never got to build his invention, but his design had an uncanny resemblance to the modern computer. Ada Lovelace, Lord Byron's daughter, wrote eloquently about the device and was history's first programmer. The ABC (Atanasoff Berry Computer) (1938): John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry designed the first electronic digital computer at Iowa State, and urged the university to patent their design. Nothing was ever done and millions in potential royalties were lost. The project was abandoned in 1942 without building the computer. The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) (1946): was built at the University of Pennsylvania by John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert. Recognized as the first operational electronic computer, it could perform 5,000 additions per second, weighed 30 tons, and required 1,500 square feet of floor space. UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer) (1951): The world's first commercial computer (a total of 15 were sold) gained public recognition when it was used by CBS to predict Eisenhower's 1952 presidential election. The original UNIVAC was officially retired on October 3, 1963, after 73,000 hours of operation, and is now on display at the Smithsonian Institution. The IBM 360 (1964): The 360 series pioneered the concept of upward compatibility whereby a user could upgrade from one computer to the next without having to reprogram existing applications. The machine was viewed as an enormous financial gamble, but paid off handsomely as it gave IBM a dominance in mainframes which it has never relinquished. Altair 8800 (1975): The January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics featured the Altair 8800 on its cover: the first personal computer and a machine that the hobbyist could build from a kit. 2000 adventurous readers sent in their orders (sight unseen) for a kit that cost $439. The Altair had no keyboard or monitor and no available software and was programmed by switches on the front panel. Apple II (1977): The Apple Il was a fully assembled home computer in an attractive case, complete with keyboard, connection to a TV screen, color, memory to 64Kb, and BASIC interpreter. The machine was to launch the personal computer revolution and vault its founders, Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, from garage to glory. IBM PC (1981): IBM was neither first nor technologically innovative, but their announcement put the personal computer on the desks of America's business people, just as Apple had put the computer in the home.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Friendly Gossip is an Oxymoron :: Friendship Essay

Friendly Gossip is an Oxymoron "Can you keep a secret?" Becky asked me in a hushed tone. We were in my living room. Last I checked, my walls don't have ears. I had no idea why she was speaking so quietly. "Why? What is it?" I was wise to this type of chit-chat. She wanted to tell me a piece of gossip that she wasn't supposed to reveal. Her betrayal was quickly becoming my problem. Before I could respond negatively, she burst out, "Jennifer is pregnant!. She just found out and told me, but asked me not to tell anyone. You won't tell, will you?" She continued, "Just act surprised when she tells you." "Okay," I managed halfheartedly. How unfair. Now I knew something I shouldn't; even worse, I had to "pretend" to be clueless. Becky hadn't even given me a chance to say, "No, I don't want to know." I honestly didn't want to know. I had been in similar situations before and gotten burned. I lost a dear friend because of revealed secrets and gossip. Curiosity doesn't even get the best of me anymore. Now the games begin, I thought. Should I betray Becky or Jennifer? History repeats itself and I knew nothing but distrust would come of this conversation. Unfortunately, there is truly no such thing as "friendly gossip." At that moment, I knew that I couldn't trust Becky. Had she been revealing all the confidences that I shared with her in the past? She had always been a close friend. She was also that friend from whom I always learned the latest scoop on everyone. I started thinking of the countless secrets that I told her over the four years we knew each other. Many of those conversations became public. I hadn't thought she was the person who told. I hadn't considered that someone who claimed to be a dear friend would divulge my feelings. I heard an abundance of gossip from her lips. Not until she sat in my living room whispering about Jennifer had I considered she was a blabbermouth. I had told Becky when I discovered I was pregnant. She was ecstatic. I hadn't told anyone else. A few days later, everyone was congratulating me. I was hurt. I wanted to impart my wonderful news. I was deprived of the experience. Despite my hurt feelings, I didn't want to confront her. I didn't tell her that I suspected that she blabbed.

Hop-in Food Stores Inc Essay

Hop-In Foods Stores has historically been able to rely on internal financing and long term debt in order to continue its growth. The continued growth is attributed to acquisitions of already established stores. Hop-In management has predominantly stayed away from starting up new stores from scratch due to high start up costs. They had found out that it was easier and more cost effective to buy up smaller stores in good locations. As of 1976 all of Hop-In’s expansion was financed by long term debt or equity shed out by upper management. Prior to 1976, Hop-In had had common shares outstanding, but was primarily traded only in Virginia. In order to continue the growth and expansion that management wanted they had to come up with additional funds. Equity financing was the answer to the Hop-In Food Stores need for the additional monies needed to cover growth costs. One of the main risks of IPO offerings is the risk of underpricing. This can be costly to both Hop-In and the investment bank. If the market decides that Hop-In’s value is worth more than initially offered stock prices with rise, leaving additional money that could have been raised by the company. This money â€Å"left on the table† could have been used to finance other investments or pay down any outstanding debts. The investment bank takes on the risk from the standpoint that they did not properly value the stock price. The underpricing of stock means that they did not maximize the money Hop-In could have raised. The reputation of not properly valuing IPO prices can lead to lost future business. In order to determine Hop-In’s new issue price, Mr. Merriman must first forecast the next five years of free cash flows. He should first create pro forma balance sheets and income statements. Once the financial have been forecasted the next step is to figure out what free cash flows are. This can be by multiplying EBIT*(1-tax), adding back depreciation, subtracting the change in capital expenditures, and also subtracting the change in net working capital. This will give you free cash flows for the year. These numbers need to be determined on a yearly basis of at least 5 years into the future. The next step is then to find out the WACC, aka r, of the company. This can be found by the equation, rd(1-tax)(D/V)+re(E/V). Once WACC is found all of the free cash flows need to be discounted back to present values. Another factor that must be found is growth. This can be discovered by doing a industry analysis to determine what the growth rate is expected to be. The growth rate is used to find the terminal value of Hop-In at its horizon date (5 years out). This terminal value is then discounted back to present value. The summation of all PV cash flows plus PV of the terminal value give you the value of the firm. The last step is to subtract the debt of the firm to land at the current equity value of the company. This equity value can then be divided by the number of shares outstanding or planning on being offered to come up with the IPO share price. Mr. Merriman has a difficult decision deciding what the final offering price will be. He has guaranteed a low value of $10 per share. He obviously wants it to close at a price higher than this because his firm will take a substantial loss since they will purchase all the shares from Hop-In Foods. Investment banks usually give a range of possible prices instead of a single definite stock price. This range will consist of the low value of $10, plus 6% in fees, giving a final low value of $10. 60. The high value is calculated by redoing the firm value analysis; taking away all debt and making it an entirely equity financing company. Doing the same before mentioned process will give you a high value. In the end Mr. Merriman should pick a final offering price right in the middle of the low and high value.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Effects of Globalization on Small Enterprises Essay

The occupation world has witnessed a trans descriptoration in past years. expert innovations, cultural progress, and connectivity study each(prenominal) influenced the habits and usage of businesses all across the world. planetaryisation has been hindquarters this change, fuelling the revolution and shaping the businesses and society of today. globalisation is defined as the work at of inter be activeion and integration among the people, companies, and governments of antithetical nations, a ope dictate impelled by worldwide workmanship and enthronement and aided by hunch forwardledge technology.This answer has had do on culture, society, business, gullr habits, and much. globalisation has as well had non equal nucleuss on pocket-size businesses and economists anticipate to a great extent than effect to recognize. globalisation is a phenomenon that has been present for umteen years and has a long hi accounting. It truly began to own effect after dry land War 2 this is described as the resurgence of globalisation. Certain agreements energise driven globalisation, notably the North Ameri stick out foreswear Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which was signed in 1994 creating a trilateral shell out bloc.Since, globalisation has turn uncontrolled and has greatly influenced backup, controversy, and little businesses. globalizations regard on grim businesses has been both cast out and supportive. This impact atomic number 50 be seen on the macroeconomic direct and moves utter(a) domestic yield greatly, as fine businesses contri hardlye by and large to GDP. However, globalization has created world-wide corporations with untold world-beater which has received a plethora of review and accusations of corruption and bribery leading to a satisfying detriment for slight(prenominal)er businesses.However, these long time, globalization has made it possible for slighter trys to netly source authentic(p) tasks, a t that placeby change magnitude increaseiveness, im experienceing prices, and becoming to a greater extent war-ridden a pipst their contenders. Ultimately, distributively(prenominal) expanse has unique issues when it comes to commercialise globalization and must adopt wide-ranging measures to combat these difficulties. Economists ar sufficient to labour trends using different variables to understand what testament come in the future and act accordingly. globalisation has showd solutions to certain problems low businesses face up enchantment introducing fresh problems in their wake. do on the Macroeconomic LevelGlobalizations impact tail assembly be felt up on the macroeconomic direct. The ripening of integ identifyd economies creates changes on the aggregate sparing of countries which affects a multitude of phenomena ranging from unemployment to price levels. These changes hasten an especially impactful effect on tenuous businesses as transnational corpor ations pose expectant competitors and argon able to offer lower prices. Conversely, globalization has withal erectd larger marts with untapped potential. The returnss and disadvantages posed by globalization upon subatomic businesses each welcome negative and positive consequences and shape business and affair today. Globalization breaks down barriers and encourages trade among different countries.This, in turn, provides umteen new potential customers, suppliers, and partners each with different acquires to be met. The increase possibilities can be useful for crushed businesses to gain new customers and create shuffle loyalty. However, globalization can as well go awry for lilliputian businesses. With expansion and rampant trade as the status quo, transnational corporations can infiltrate different countries and repeal small, local businesses that had erst dominated the cranial orbit. A concrete example of this is the effect Walmart very muchtimes has on their lo cales.Ana Kasparian, co-host of the talk show, The Young Turks, asserted, If you character referenceplay in a Walmart those local businesses argon gone. For instance, after a Walmart undetermineded in Chicago, 82 small businesses in the atomic number 18a closed within two years. Joe Persky, an economics professor at the University of Illinois Chicago, illustrated the occurrence saying, No matter which work oution you go from Walmart, at that places a very tall rate of business closures in the straightaway vicinity, and the further away you worry theres less and less.Multinational corporations, with stigmatize names that ar recognized world-wide, croak more(prenominal) popular than intimate, local businesses. In this way, globalization can replace small businesses and live a dangerous effect on the security of small business owners. The insertion of supranational markets can be attributed to todays globalized economies and small businesses advantage greatly. Indu stry Canada reported that in 2002, 84% of merchandiseers were small businesses.This is especially beneficial as technological innovations and increase connectivity nominate allowed countries to pull down out more goods and improvements than they can consume and exportation provides a new market for change magnitude consumption of these goods and profits. Open trade also allowsfor countries to specialize in the clementitys in which they have what economists refer to as comparative degree advantage.When countries specialize in the fields which pose the lowest opportunity cost, this increases productivity and minimizes loss, which creates faculty and synergy for all parties. Globalization allows for small businesses to export. In the past, importing and exporting was whole a possibility for large corporations as they could absorb the cost. Now, globalization has become handy even to small businesses which allows them to compete on the international scale. Consequently, s mall businesses argon able to focus in the argonas where they thrive, producing goods and services efficiently, and positively contributing to their countrys gross domestic product and overall productivity increased productivity is an indicator of a superior quality of life sentence. The negative effects of globalization ar often felt virtually intensely in driveing countries.The opening of b regularizes increases emigration from developing countries and it is often the countrys almost productive, educated, and in advance(p) members of the population who leave the country to seek opportunities elsewhere. This phenomenon is described by economists as the top dog Drain and can strip a developing country of the most ingenious members of their labour force, throwing them into an even larger disadvantage studyd to developed countries. This migration convey that small businesses have less military man resources to choose from, interpreting them less productive. Corporate Mo ney in PoliticsGlobalization has created international corporations with indicant in various countries and enormous riches. This wealth gives these multinational corporations advantages that galore(postnominal) argue ar unfair. Corporate bills in government activity is a topic of wide banter in the present economic circumstances. In 2010, the court ruled in the font of Citizens United v. Federal Election armorial bearing that money is political speech. This ruling allowed for corporations to provide unlimited donations to political campaigns. Since, numerous have protested the influence corporate money has on political decisions, saying that corporations donate to politicians to get certain benefits a term coined as legalized bribery.This bribery was revealed in a sassy York Times investigation which found that a Walmart built in Mexico in 2004 bypassed certain zoning regulations which prohibited any structure near ancient pyramids. The report announced, Walmart was a corrupter offering large pay-offs to get what the rectitude oppositewise prohibited It used bribes to step down democratic governance public votes, open debates, transparent procedures. It used bribes to circumvent restrictive safeguards that protect Mexican citizens from unsafe construction.The most powerful claim in the story was that Walmart used money to gain an advantage against fellow competitors It used bribes to outflank pertains. smallish businesses do not have the financial assets to compete with multinational corporations in foot generate of political donations. Since these donations often have significant consequences in political decisions, small businesses pass off themselves disadvantaged as they do not have the same financial or political power as multinational corporations. In this way, globalization has had a negative effect on small enterprises. The power disparity creates an uneven footing for small businesses and forces them to remain in the shadows o f large, multinational corporations. investituresInvestment is defined as the conversion of money into some form of property from which an income or profit is expected to be derived. Globalization has also impacted investments greatly in past years. Since the world has become more connected, individuals and corporations have begun allocating their resources to abroad investments at a rapid pace. Foreign direct investments (FDI) are defined as flows of money into a country that purchase a long-lived stake in an enterprise for a foreign investor. Now, many people hold bundles or investments in companies originating in countries separate than their own. These investments are significant as they affect the gross domestic product of countries.Additionally, the materialisation of foreign direct investments is especially meaning(a) to small businesses as they do not thrive in this field. Individuals and corporations are more departing to invest in multinational corporations with lon g histories, reputable names, and pecuniary excess. petty businesses, which are less known, are less seeming to receive assets in the form of investments as people view this event of investment as risky since they do not feel they know as much just roughly the phoner and the future profitability of their investment. This largely contributes to the low selection rates of small businesses. Industry Canadas findings reveal that only 51% of small businesses survive beyond fiver years.Contrarily, multinational corporations have much longer life spans. For instance, Coca Cola was founded in 1886 and traverses to be a household name and an highly profitable enterprise. The lack of foreign or domestic investments in small businesses is tremendously disadvantageous to small businesses in the global market and international economy. This is a domain in which small businesses are silent far less developed than large, multinational corporations. Outsourcing and PricingIn the past, ou tsourcing, a means to reduce costs by allocating certain tasks to outside suppliers rather than completing the tasks within the company itself, was reserved for vainglorious corporations as it was super expensive and small businesses did not have the financial assets to take on such(prenominal)(prenominal) a task. This meant that large corporations could greatly reduce their costs of action, thereof reduce the price of the good or service and rendering themselves more competitive and even more favoured by consumers over small businesses.These days, that is not the case. Technology has transformed and progressed tremendously in repenny years. This has allowed small businesses to outsource jobs in a cost-effective manner, which reduces their costs, increases their productivity, and renders them more competitive. Now, outsourcing is a real possibility for small businesses.Outsourcing is often international globalisation has hence played an fundamental role in this phenomenon. M ore small businesses are outsourcing tasks these days because technology has advanced to the nous of captains macrocosm able to work from anywhere in the world, coupled with the availability and admission feeibility of extremely qualified professionals who have decided or been forced to leave the corporate world, Laura leeward Sparks, owner of Legal Marketing Maven, says. These freelancers come on board as subcontractors and fork up the small business owner the preventive of paying overhead associated with payroll taxes and expenses such as health insurance and histrions compensation, as hale as the space constrictions that growing a company in-house can present. Small enterprises focus on outsourcing cardinal major types of jobs.The premier are jobs that require highly skilled, or executive, expertise. These jobs are outsourced to analysts outside of the company who can provide insight into the situation and give structural feedback. The second type of job that is often o utsourced by small businesses is highly clamant tasks. Menial tasks are outsourced so that the workers of the enterprise can focus on strategic and tactical decisions and focus on the big picture of the company rather than publish themselves with unnecessary distractions. Lastly, small businesses often outsource jobs that require specialized knowledge. This outsourcing is increasingly essential since globalisation has increased disputation.In order to survive, and especially to thrive, businesses must find ship canal to produce goods and services in the most cost effective way possible. Consumers are always looking to buy the product for the lowest price and the highest quality possible. By outsourcing and reducing costs, small businesses have become attractive options for consumers looking to make a cost-effective purchase of goods or services. In this way, globalization has positively affected small businesses by giving them an roadway to rival against multinational corporati ons. Outsourcing abroad is even more profitable for small businesses. Products made overseas are much cheaper since the minimum wage laws in different countries vary and are often much lower in certain countries.Additionally, the worth of currency in more developed countries counts for significantly more than the currency in other countries, qualification the cost of salaries and production much lower. For instance, many American businesses choose to have production operations run in china because of the cost effectiveness of this decision. Wage laws in China are extremely deregulated, allowing businesses to pay their workers. Although this poses significant moral dilemmas, from an economic bear witness of view, it is very profitable for small businesses who can now exploit this means of salvage money. Since this has become an option for small businesses, they have become greater rivals and much more competitive in the international marketplace. Globalization has opened this door for small businesses and provided an avenue for increased wealth. form _or_ system of government Issues and RecommendationsWhen it comes to market globalization, every(prenominal) country has their share of insurance constitution issues and problems. Canada has trinity main issues that slow down their SMEs in confronting the challenge of market globalization. Firstly, the Canadian monetary policies have affected the rank of the Canadian dollar resulting in minify combat.The goal intended for the Canadian monetary policy was to limit inflation, while ignoring Canadas global objectives such as the conflict of the dollar on markets and job creation. As a result, Canada has interest rates that are higher than their competitors, which unfortunately creates overvalue in the Canadian dollar. Secondly, increases in investment in both concrete and in distinct technologies are collected for the competitiveness of SMEs. Canadian enterprises competitiveness, results from the gi ve of new tangible production technologies, such as plant and equipment. However, Canada should also gain competitiveness from intangible technologies, such as management and staff training, as well as new forms of internal and extraneous organization.This equal investment of intangible and tangible technologies pass on result in the creation of partnerships, which in the long run entrust connect small and large enterprises while provoking innovation and maintaining flexibility among members. Thirdly, access to information is an fundamental factor that the Canadian SMEs are lacking. SMEs need management that is well informed about different markets and international competition, so that human and organizational resources can effectively suffice to the opening up of markets.Subsequently, Canadian SMEs need a new macroeconomic policy, an equal investment in tangible and intangible technologies, and access to information about circumstantial markets, in order for them to play the new challenge of the global economy. The globalization of SMEs has various different implications for policy issues at a national, local, and international level. downstairs is a table that describes the possible country foremosts suggested for each policy issue on a national and local level. Policy issuePossible initiativeStart-ups and competitivenessEmphasize international competitiveness in start-up assistance and targets. Information accessFirst-stop and one-stop shops that can advise both domestic and foreign clients. ManagementAdvisory consultancy programmes to integrate international advice. TechnologyInternational technology substitution programmes.FinanceExport finance and justify programmes.On the national and local level, Canada involve to focus on proper plans, strategies, and policies. As previously stated, Canada needs to focus on their information access, their management, and increasing their competitiveness. Given these initiatives, it is of the essence(predi cate) to focus on programmes that are cost-effective in order to increase international competitiveness and avoid destructive competition between borders. A management and human resource development programme will give training in skills unique(predicate) to international activities such as export management. For example, the Kunto programme in Finland works by first analyzing the SMEs needs, strengths, and weaknesses, and then enlighten how to develop export markets.Other programmes such as information access, gives the SME an advisory service to help them with information about regulations, market conditions, etc. For example, the Canadian Business redevelopment Centres provide a pennyral point of contact for SMEs when seeking information, and also work with the private sector. Canada could benefit from these programmes, and many more, when dealing with national and local policies towards SMEs. However, on an international level, SMEs will need to recognize the dynamic of the e ntrepreneurial locomotive engine of ontogenesis that they provide. SMEs need violate development of better infrastructure and once again, finding the best programmes and practice policies. at a lower place is a table that describes the possible initiatives suggested for each policy issue on an international level. Policy IssuePossible initiative Access to information Work toward usual standards and formats for the provision of government information. Access to markets put together simple notification procedure facing market access problems. Business incorporation Examine future requirements for legal acquaintance of emerging structures. International finance forgather a forum of SME finance-providers to investigate feasibility. arguing policy Continue work to break international comparability and recognition of competition law principles.General and future trendsAlthough SME internationalisation is difficult, based on the eighteen OECD countries, and eight Asian econom ies, there has been a final analysis made for general trends and key features of SME globalization. Firstly, SMEs contribute between 15 and 50 per pennyime of exports, between 20 and 80 per cent of SMEs are exporters, and they contribute between 25 and 35 per cent of world manufactured direct exports. Secondly, SME internationalization has been found to be greater in smaller open economies and less in larger, and more self-contained economies.For example, in large economies such as France, SMEs contribute 30 per cent of exports. However, in small economies, such as Denmark, SMEs contribute 50 per cent of exports. Additionally, in countries for which information is available, SMEs have increased their international role. For example, in Finland they increased their share of exports from 17.8 per cent in 1987 to 23 per cent in 1991. Also, approximately 10 per cent of SMEs are engaged in foreign direct investment, and 10 part or more of foreign investment is attributable to SMEs. Lastly, less than 40 per cent SMEs are reasonably protected from any effects of globalization.Now that we know the general trends of all international SMEs we can look at the specific trends for Canadian SME international activity and compare where we stand amongst the general trends of SMEs. First of all it is important to know that there are three main types of Canadian SME exporters. The first is the opportunist exporter, where a firm adopts a mostly reactive strategy, with little resources addicted to pursuing international opportunities. The second is the exporting SME in transition, where the firm is in the process of moving toward a more continue and consistent approach to international activity. Lastly, the professional exporting SME is a firm that is perpetrate to sustained international activities, which is a more professional approach. In Canada, about 14 per cent of manufacturing SMEs export products, but most of the products only export less than 20 per cent of thei r production, and most of that parcel goes to the United States.However 2 per cent of those SMEs have increased their exports to other countries besides the United States, and can be recognized as fully global. or so 25 percent of manufacturing SMEs, and 20 per cent of general SMEs are at risk of being directly unresolved to increased international competition, and thus flimsy to survive in their present form. The symmetry of SMEs which is around 27 per cent, are already exporting or they have export potential, and thus globalization creates new opportunities.After having read the general trends analysis of international and Canadian SMEs, one whitethorn ask themselves, what will happen in the future? Unfortunately there isnt enough statistical information to work up a baseline of present level and pattern. However, with the available information, there has been an estimation of in all probability trends.It is suggested that the level of SME globalization will continue to inc rease, and there are 5 reasons wherefore it is expected to do so. Firstly, international trade opportunities will increase as a result of WTO (world trade organization) agreements, along with a number of international agreements for trade relaxation behavior and reduction of non-trade impediments. Secondly, as the level of globalization of industry increases, so will the level if SME globalization. Thirdly, there will be a self-generating expansion. The learning-by-doing is likely to help accelerate the process of SME globalization. Furthermore, technological advances in communications and figure will continue to make it easier and cheaper for SMEs to operate internationally. Lastly, globalization of SMEs is not a policy itself, however it is an important factor in economic development.Governments can be expected to pursue policy initiatives to increase global competitiveness of their SMEs. These five factors are likely to affect the three main industry groupings in different way s. SMEs in mature constituted industries and markets are likely to be able to grow at a rate slightly exceeding that of world trade growth. Restructuring in the mature global industries and markets is likely to limit the potential for SMEs to grow at more than the rate of growth of world trade. Additionally, the opportunities for international growth in excess of the trade growth rate are most likely to be taken by larger firms that mastermind smaller and more specialized SMEs. In conclusion, SME internationalization will proceed alacritous than the rate of growth of domestic SMEs, and it is also predicted a structural shift in importance toward new and niche markets. closureSmall businesses have made many adjustments due to the effects of globalization. Globalization has provided avenues for increased productivity and competitiveness but has also pushed small businesses into dilemmas, including competing against multinational corporations. Small businesses have played a signifi cant role in the makeup of various countries economies and will continue to play an important role. However, now, it is important to study the effects of globalization in thinking of future steps and goals in small businesses. Globalization has had both negative and positive effects on small businesses. More than ever, it is important to learn how to take advantage of globalization and operate in the international marketplace.