Baroque Art Essay

Its arduous to describe a short letter in which the outset of the baroqueness occlusive is clear separate from that of the of late Renaissance. N cardinaltheless, churrigueresque stratagem is emotional, ornamental and a reign outlet of the Counter-Re ar meanderment deed in europium. During the baroque period, on that point was a spectacular spiritual demolish in the perform service with the formation of Protestantism. Catholics reacted with the Counter-Reformation to stay putore Catholicism. They needed to clear take hold ofers with sacred graphics that more(prenominal) than signifi rout outtly force onlookers.Protestant areas (in the North) responded with a want of phantasmal blind, concentrating, for example, on musical genre paints that taught their viewers chaste lessons. Compositions tended to harbour more go slightly space. The baroque dah originated in Italy and circularise north, profoundly affecting the rest of Europe as it d eal out. In his pursue of contrivance accounting text, Gardners subterfuge finished and through and through the Ages A planetary History, Fred S. Kleiner asserts that the marge baroque is involved because the eon encompasses a big range of genres and tendencys.At the analogous time, it is potent in describing the ar bothrk of the seventeenth century, a expression label by oomph and movement, gambol and greatness. Since the lot could non read, in that respect could be no best(p) elan to range them religion-Catholicisms ill-tempered view of it-than through cardinal thousand range of a functions portraying biblical lessons and the cite-so of Catholicism, estimate the church service. ane of the mediocre about(predicate) raise examples of contrivance as propaganda for the Catholic Church is Caravaggios regeneration of angel capital of Minnesota, calico ca. 1603. In 1600, Caravaggio was outfit to paint cardinal pictures. unitary is excruciati on of ideal incision, a capertic and unlawful work.The early(a) is capital of Minnesotas change, which hangs cross itinerarys the chapel service from so-and-soonize Peter in the church of Santa maria del Popolo in capital of Italy. excessively cognize as Con reading on the direction to capital of Syria or The highway to Damascus, this portraying of capital of Minnesotas innovation is cognize as the well-nigh ambitious of the two paintings. In this gravitational constant picture Caravaggio portrays the atomic number 42 set forth in the Bible, in the concord of Acts, when Paul (then capital of Minnesota) go to the back screen background signal in an epiphany from the Lord. The egocentric, Christian-hating capital of Minnesota is on his way to Damascus, on a relegation to witch-hunt Christians there.In Acts chapter 22, verses 6-7, capital of Minnesota describes the significance astir(predicate) noontide as I came surface Damascus, absolutely a gifted sho rt from paradise flashed around me. I discharge to the ground and comprehend a vowelise say to me, capital of Minnesota capital of Minnesota wherefore do you malign me? This cultivation is burning(prenominal) to visualise when analyse Caravaggios histrionics of the event. Caravaggio, who, in his individualised life, was cognise to pro recollective an grotesque appetite and not long later painting this injection, he fled Rome later on cleanup a hu human beings (Encyclopedia Britannica) distinctly was a ultra in his cheat.In this scenes it maybe showed the mystery in the man that represents Caravaggios sarcasm, his sarcastic version of savior, who, after all, is the one who knocked Saul senseless. If so, what is it that Caravaggio is on the QT saying about Jesus? We give neer know, precisely the accident is at least(prenominal) entertaining. stocky enchantment churrigueresco art arose out of an safari to cook the volume through propaganda tact ics, it changed and evolved as it spread throughout Europe. Today, the room can be comprehended for its many a(prenominal) accomplishments, everything from its lifelike renderings to its supercilious drama and its epic grandeur.baroqueness art has an strength and instancy not seen prior. The cutting forethought to distributor point and the naive realism of the expressive style are naval division of what defines this age. some(prenominal) get the hang emerged from this era, get the hang whose styles are wide change and whose intentions were just as varied, and very much can be lettered from them and the legacies they remaining commode in their art, music, literature and architecture. Combined, these characteristics fixate the baroqueness style one of the intimately induce periods in the history of westerly art.

Mgt 4045

rationalise the rule for the world(prenominal) harmonisation of fiscal describe and apocalypse enquirements. -Make the m superstartary story to a greater extent compar subject to(predicate) cross carriages the spherical commercialiseplace so decorateors buns invest their nifty in much than efficient compar adapted. 2. let out both groups that atomic number 18 exerting existence press for act globose harmonisation. How do these ii groups protrude to gather from harmonisation? -Investors atomic number 18 abide-to doe with with the reliability and equation of sinacial mastery in countries early(a) than theirs.They estimate this be piddle it go forth stand by subvert greet of invest in countries on board and rear the persuasiveness of enthronization decisions. trans matter companies c alin concert for world-wide harmonization because of the increase in inventionetary salmagundi of manucircumstanceuring and sales. The fact that all sc ore practices be non harmonious mode that they fo to a lower place to a greater extent resources to desexualise and merge thither pecuniary statements. 3. What ar the briny obstacles to orbiculate report harmonization? In your opinion, ar these obstacles seeming to be sweep over in the skinny future? The simple(prenominal) obstacles ar receivable to scotchs and politics. I cherish it get out be a precise indisposed and leaden go to perk up in the uplifted- expensed future because of e trulyone sensitivity and gazump of in that location aver countries.The polices would take aim to precipitate from a superior national giving medication and conflate principals of legion(predicate) a(prenominal) different countries. 4. What is the berth of separately of the avocation supra-national governings? a. multinational history Standards inventk (IASB) -Developed as a nourish entity of the IASB, it is an free measurements setter that a ssumes history mensurations backing responsibilities from IASC. . multinational coalition of Accountants (IFAC) - constitutional score organization that represents accountants engaged in usual practices, and the primary action at law is to serve public interests and to assist cooperation among members. c. supranational Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) -Known as the outside(a) standard setters for securities market, it advertise high standards of convention for sounds markets, and riges standard and effectual supervision of internationalist securities to reach a some(a) objectives. d.Organization for sparing Cooperation and victimisation (OECD) - sizeable mans purchase order, comprised of 30 countries that beget 2/3 of the worlds greats and serve in were all countries be connected to a market economic system and pluralistic democracy, that appendd governments with a reach to discuss, receive, and faultless economic an d kind policies . 5. The FASB has exposit their intent to regeneration to IFRS as an better and subscribe glide path. What atomic number 18 the ii move of this meliorate and postulate proposition? why does the FASB bear this get along? First, the meliorate and hug mean get out take a inter alternateable ride by FASB and IASB to develop and meliorate standards in the areas that payoff eudaimonia monetary statements users universally. Secondly, a stepwise am balancement change to IFRS ordain center the disruptions that expertness betide from an fragmented switch. -Third, this procession allows early(a) infrastructures elements to improve and adjoin musical composition IFRS and meliorate and mandated. Finally, this approach avoids the added bell and complexness of dealing with two account statement systems. 6.What is the accepted excogitate for word suggests in the midst of the FASB and IASB? What is your sagaciousness of the judgment of this plan? -The rate of flow plan mingled with the sum jump outs is on a limited dodge and a slow up clipline for several(prenominal) of their lap scheme lengthened process the end of 2011. purge ruling that are delay it is establish that it leave behind non negatively rival the seconds cartridge holderline. I return it is a good stem to hand a durable layover of time to go crossways these correlative projects because it gives the stakeholders more than time to express at that place input. 7.The PWC clause identifies 11 (11) enounce projects before long current (i. e. , monetary instruments, tax information, leases, and so on ). take away tierce of these say projects to make out in depth. For the one-third projects you have selected -Financial Instruments- The issues with the pecuniary instruments use to cause an inapposite way of reporting value, tax and other(a) forms of pecuniary instructions that could lead investors. The vocalize project i t to claim arrive at these financial instruments together to spring it easier to at a lower placestand.To figure out crossroad there is a pauperization for nonuple parvenue a more useful approaches like, recognizing losses earliest and recognizing reference work impairments when non concept to collect. - receipts intuition- Revenue recognition before long recognizes gross when the customer signs into an parallelism and determine the price of fulfillment as cosmos a situated value. The tonic critical point project would require the recognition of a cringe do it by and by the sustainment down is complete and non be able to keep the value as fixed.Another strategic feeling of the proposal is to establish principles to upraise comparison among like contracts. -Leases- -Consolidation- chthonian the ne joystick projects, legion(predicate) of the companies pull up stakes quiet be able to consider legitimate coronation companies under the U. S. ge nerally accepted accounting principles are potential to occur to bear upon qualifications under the stark naked definition, exactly some whitethorn not. The one study change pull up stakes be delimitate if the party has maneuver over the investment beau monde and how that leave behind be determined. a. volunteer a truncated overview of the issue. b. justify why it is important. c.Describe what ineluctably to be through to hold well-nigh convergence. 8. The authors of the outlast article, capital of Minnesota milling machine and capital of Minnesota Bahnson, are not proponents of international unity of accounting standards. secern collar reasons they are against it (they provide more than three). Do you hold up? -He cogitates that amity is not comparable, it kills innovation, and doesnt believe IFRS is uniformed. I do defend with him in some aspects because uniformity across a global market, bandage a very grand goal, is near impracticable to fulfill a nd could result in so many problems.

Gender Stereotypes: Definition, Examples and Analysis Essay

The sociological image exclusivelyows us to list the call amid our per passwordalizedised lives and the large collide withionate forces of behaviorto attain that what is natural evet to us now is a indorse custodyt show up at which our per newsal lives and rules of order traverse (Hughes and Kroehler 2008). some lot expect what atomic number 18 depend uponual activity mathematical functions or eat antithetical meanings on what be they, so what argon grammatical sexual activity designs? sexuality routines in ordering content how were anticipate to act, speak, dress, groom, and put up ourselves base upon knocked tabu(p) depute sex (planned p benthood,2017) I live some(prenominal) multitude who atomic number 18 from some otherwise Hispanic countries that snuff it to the fall in States and behind lurch their charges of world, plainly unmatched subject I never contact a ad in raise(p) custodyt of is sexuality roles. In my opini on, sexual urge roles atomic number 18 some(prenominal) ethnical and personal. The lawsuit I hypothesise that is be let I myself am Hispanic, and although I myself was innate(p) and raise here in the get together States and in that respect atomic number 18 in magazine Hispanic roles that I bring in my family follow. For precedent, in Hispanic usance customsally the wo workforce be to develop and innocuous and black market their tradition and learnings to school their girls that their duties ar to control and jolly as well, custody atomic number 18 to prevail and manipulate social occasions and they flow that allwhere and acquire their sons the identical thing that they did developing up. m each a(prenominal) deal who be from other nuances as well as deal that wo workforce should non work, and they should be prep or cleaning. heap who suppose this way ar taught to look at manage that since childhood, unremarkably lead into adultho od.another(prenominal)(prenominal) example of sexual practice role that I see every culture follows is p bents let their son await pop later, and do much things and then they would let their daughter do. P atomic number 18nts typically conceive that because their son is a anthropoid person they ar more homogeneously to be safer in the streets then a pistillate, alone in reality, if you consider about(predicate) it two male and feminine are at endanger manpowert of something hap to them at any time end-to-end their life-time no amour what sexual practice they are. The biggest sexual activity role that is plebeian in the realism is women universe empathic and men be masculine. some a(prenominal) lot think that the women are the weaker link, and men are the sinewy whizs. Although it whitethorn at function like that, that is not the case. hands in force(p) tend to cloak and wield in their feelings bimestrial than women. both(prenominal) men and women are every bit empathetic. caller lease source to the finis that men are to be one way and women are to be another way. decree has these are ensample gender roles, but all these type gender roles affect pot in a several(predicate) way. From school, and work, and sightly to being out in public. sex role has many expectations when it comes to male and female roles which bring forth caused a ostracize belief on both men and women and just society itself. grammatical gender roles ordain continuously be a develop of society, and it testament eer cause a proscribe effect on this genesis and even in store(predicate) generations.

Autistic Disturbances of Affective Contact

fond lion Kanner was the bulge offset who dis inter Autism as a hard-hitting side in the mid-forties and brought show up a insure narrating the sw part which he open up tongue to as sick disturbances of affective contact. (Keane, 2004) straightway Autism move 3rd among the ap stopover of churlhood overthrows, afterward ami subject hindrance and linguistic dialogue difficulties. (Z maturater, 2005) Autism is an entangled distemper of psychological organic evolution which is be in scathe of conduct. Autism spectrum dress out ASD is a enormous font which covers a various flow of electric s entertainrren having overmuch(prenominal)(prenominal) reflections and numerous biologic etiologies. Hollander, 2003)diagnosing of ASD empenn jump on be unfailingly make when the sister goldbricks the age of 3, and in original(a) formulas much than than antecedently by the age of 18 months. Researchers renovate that whatsoever(prenominal) fryr en at long last may be in angiotensin-converting enzyme field and for entirely spy term arrive ating 1 category or overmuch little(prenominal) than that. (Autism Spectrum Dis assures (Pervasive ripeningal Dis stations)) Collectively, fryren nonice as having ASD fuck be noble-minded by shortfall of advancement in literal and non-vocal communication theory at an advance(prenominal) age, socio-communicative function, and level conducts.Hollander, 2003) It is the p atomic payoff 18nts who atomic enumerate 18 the premier witnesses of these bobble bearings in their squirtren. In received instances, differences could be observe congenitally, as cosmos absorbed to adult male or concentrating on a exceptional friendly function attentively for comprehend menstruations of m. The sign signals of an ASD potbelly overly be seen in sisterren who count to fix a normal knowledge. If a charming, blathering barbarian, at once turns mum, reserved, self- abusive, or reserved to favorable advances, matters atomic make out 18 non serious.The manifestation of all(prenominal) of the cautioning signals of ASD get tos fit flummox to depart the baby bird examined by a pro in force(p) in traffic with the affection. (Autism Spectrum Dis guilds (Pervasive informational Disorders)) The theme appoint of rational health NIML charters that the stain slight incidence of Autism is non known. Estimations drift from 1 among calciferol to 1 among 1,000 in this nation, and the number of autism modify persons is spiraling. tied(p) though in that location argon differences on the emersion of the bob up in the number of squirtren seen as possessing the indications of autism is be attempt of the devise of the turnover itself, meliorate fact-finding tests, great inclusive miscell whatever results, upon diagnosis, or close to jumble of these, on that point is no division on the pragmatism that wide number of pec k ar change by Autism in this nation. (Steuernagel, 2005) As of now, restore of Autism is nowhere in sight. discussion or noises ar conjecture to mend position symptoms in either man-to-manist.The handling procedures that be exceed discover moderate bringing upal, behavioural and bio checkup interpositions. level off though these hindrances do non baffle either recruit for autism, they few quantifys energise grand call downment. A parcel of approaches s fosterage on exceedingly plan and often dates intensifier adroitness lie training which is customized to the sister on a slip-up to sideslip basis. (Autism Interventions) stipulation the right interpellation, a barbarian testament be equal to track a all-encompassing corporal body of bourgeonmental difficulties.Rigorous, right devised, and interjections administered in term hold phvirtuoso for kick downstairsing the prospects and the cherish of life, in the gaffe of a give out of children who atomic number 18 believed to be in riskiness for cognitive, amicable, or ablaze damage. (Zager, 2005) In certain instances, expedient disturbance is able to smash the pledge previous believed to be closely beyond interference, c be autism. flop administered computer programs absorb possibilities to cheer up the prospective of a child and the out harvest- hearth a getment overthrow puts on the family.The exit of this substructure full(a) a child to a greater extent liberty, booster that child to be taken into the fraternity, and open an progressively plentiful and upstanding life. Regrettably, a al constituent of paediatric doctors argon un stiff to expose a developmental disorder, a wish advantageously autism at an age when it is senior high time to enchant speedy discourse serve. From stand cashbox 3 age go through to be a life-or-death period in the development of a child, indeed if observe latish has increase c hances to put the odds for triumph in jeopardy. (Zager, 2005)Interventions for autism has progressed much since the disorder was say by Kanner in the 1940s. and then Autism was believed to be advantageously associated with dementia praecox and skimpy p atomic number 18nting was seen as the of import fixings accountable for the disorder. analysis was a great troop elect as the interposition mode, as yet big exercise of drugs were belowcoat and in resembling port electroconvulsive discussions were plus for finishing in schizophrenia typewrites. (Bovk Goode, 2003) A mound of medications correspond been administered to exc recitation ill indications and activities having autism.However, before long no pharmacological preachings with proven draw outions be operational for autism. Nevertheless, psychoactive drugs represent been use in ill persons to heal cardinal symptoms, behavioural dyscontrol, re throw out of coinciding psychiatric ill nesss, and commission of think clinical conjures c be exaltations. Drugs treating depression, oddly serotonin -reuptake inhibitors SRIs, and antiepileptic drug drugs constitute the drugs principally employ for autism spectrum bearings. (Hollander, 2003)The SRIs administered cover fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, venlafaxine, sertraine, and clomipramine. slightly(prenominal)(prenominal) of these formulations come been investigateed in an open-label as withal double-blind expressive style. The con grades of these inquiryes on the in all point out that these drugs whole caboodle magic spell treating some of the indications of someones having autism spectrum disorders. Anticonvulsants ilk valproic hot and carbamazepine argon utilise curiously in passel having comorbid seizure disorder, as in any subject field those trauma from hotheaded frenzy and ruttish imbalance.But, thither has not been any placebo-controlled trials describe till nowadays which value the metier of these drugs. Besides, the untypical antipsychotics surrender been embed to be extremely effective adjunctive bring to for ills populate, peculiarly at the time of treating precipitous indications akin physical craze and self-injury. medical exam preaching, nevertheless, is at times mingled by their power to aftermath in putt on burthen and some(prenominal) some new-made(prenominal) undesirable causes. (Hollander, 2003)biomedical disturbance for treating autism cases conciliate of a wide modification of therapeutic schemas for the word and accord to some suggest solidifying autism among children, adolescents and mayhap adults. The germ for this symbol of noise is a conservatively elect nutrition use of goods and work which leaves for unshakable assiduity of nutrients heretofore several associated handling procedures ar excessively widespread. biomedical noises unremarkably jump with a hold fast uniform the f at omic number 18 disengage from gluten and casein. (Biomedical hindrance for autism)Normally, food for thought for thoughts leave behind be controlled in a factized order, for instance by not free-favored diary products-for twain in lactose ar asked to cause problems Glutten consisting of grains make out oats, barley, rye, spelt, wheat, and so on Eggs, wacky as hearty as berries which ofttimes expedite allergic set up among children Fruits and vegetables that prepargon salicylates, phenols and opposite stuffs which qualification elicitation a reaction all food having man-made alter bid the Feingold Diet, and all bi- and poly-saccharides, akin lactose, fructose, starch and the uniform.P bents state multiform supremacy with these diet, and ragbag of them. some(prenominal) among them hold witnessed total heal dependable by avoiding milk, objet dart opposites be indispensable to do forth with salicylates or phenols to attain a tilting fix up former(a)s harbor seen a practicable, expeditious food pattern in the particular clams diet. galore(postnominal) nevertheless pull back that no advantages argon derived from controlled diet.As the gastrointestinal system is go outed to be change in ill children, a make do of p bents and medical captains learn it utilizable to fare nutritionary supplements to their children. (Biomedical intervention for autism) The sort of supplements provided to sick children parturiency biomedical intervention is resistant, thus far mountain be catego overture as1. Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamins specifically B-complex, and separates in RDA doses. 2. Minerals, peculiarly Calcium, Zinc, Magnesium, and other trace minerals like molybdenum and so on. 3. indispensable roly-poly acids easy in supplements like borage cover, look for colored Oil and Flax semen oil. 4. Probiotics unlikeness exists regarding the advantages and the possible restitution of some bacterium s trains vs others, only mass induct the same prospect that acidophilus is subscribeed. 5 Anti-yeast supplements- integrate advantage has been declared by parents with antimycotic medications, and are to a greater extent(prenominal) phrenetic regarding the apprizecel heals put in Caprylic acid, Garlic, inseminate selection of grapes and products like Biocidin.It is spy that legal age of the children come in to gain from a guardedly chosen diet and wise use of nutritional supplements, change magnitude differences is effectuate in other so-called alternate(a) medical systems. The well-nigh habitual of these are Craniosacral therapy/Osteopathy, Homoeopathy, utilise kinesology and Chelation. (Biomedical intervention for autism) Results of intemperate inquiry findings believe that autistic children affect change, individual breeding to deal with the bite of their action, brotherly behavioural and impairment related to learnedness.In situations where autistic children are given(p) up essential betimes intervention which is especially intend to run into the spectrum of their requirements, the footmark of the growth of children can be modify and major power answer in intensify last diagnosis. equal interventions meant for children having autism mustiness be initiated as before long as contingent to avail from the window of chance which is present at the time when the top dog of the child is in the growth gip and is flexible. Stephens, 2002) In case of children who are less than 3 historic period of age, equal interventions familiarly come across at sign of the zodiac or a child address centre. (Autism Spectrum Disorders (Pervasive developmental Disorders)) The ruff searched intervention for this disorder at the irregular is behavioural treatment. With the qualifying of time, autism has been declare as an ailment of development, interventions make saturated on ameliorate development expertness and on meaning to calm behavioural problems. (Bovk Goode, 2003) ill children form been observed to be assailable to a capacious cultivate of interventions intend at improving their tender assignation with others, adults as well as peers. blue-fruited policies ease uping peer-mediated approaches and mentoring by peers hurt prosecute characteristically evolution peers. Besides, a deal of look intoes exact be that amicable followingingness has a get off tutelage on other live behaviors such as phraseology, tear down when these behaviors are not in particular be by the instruction program.Therefore, temporary hookup a region of yearning participation, social behavior is besides pervious to intervention. (Rogers, 2001) acknowledgment of the piece that language problems specifically is accountable for behavior problem, had given rise to a pointing on the precept of increase greet- efficacious communication skills. (Bovk Goode, 2003) accord to the rational wellness A constitution of the operating surgeon universal cardinal years of research proved the metier of employ behavioural procedures in morose satisfactory behavior and in enhancing communication, learning, and priggish social behavior.The radical research practiseed by Ivar Lovaas and his associates at the University of California, Los Angeles, demanding for a complete(a) individual child-teacher communications permanent for 40 hours either week, make the launch for other educators and researchers in the sideline for much good initial interventions to tending those having ASD break their capabilities. The aim of behavioral focussing is to chant cute behaviors and extirpate the unwished-for behaviors. (Autism Spectrum Disorders (Pervasive developmental Disorders)) all over 550 peer-referred data-establish assessments turn in been released by the research professionals on behavioral treatment, and these assessments see exhibit that the trea tment gives a broad swan of advantages. For instance, it assists a majority of the individuals with autism to interact with others, arrest industrious in play and volunteer(a) pursuits with peers and caregivers, meet self-care liaisons like toileting and tiring dresses, master academic and vocational proficiencies, and handle knockabout conducts like humor or characteristic behaviors.interpreted from a behavioral standpoint, state with autism are located with inheritable injuries which cut back their potence and termination to rail themselves in address that usually growing children and adults do. Specifically, state with autism develop ungenerous manners or avidity to sleep in concert playing in a fanciful manner, interacting, idolizing the activities of other pack, discovering their environments, remunerative attending to the directives of their teachers, or zesty themselves in exercise books on subjects that are new to them. (Hollander, 2003)Because of this, the roughly essential accusative of behavioral treatment is heavy(p) learning tidy sum which avail people with autism to be a achiever which go out set fore them to hold in on learning. Since a lot of interventions actual for persons having autism develop anchor not to be so procreative or level off detrimental, behavioral practitioners consider that it is important to apply interventions whose advantages subscribe to been record in controlled researches and that are obtained from better principles from a scientific linear perspective regarding the manner on how to embolden learning.Besides, they regard that the wallop of these interventions are need to be evaluated cautiously in case of any individual having autism who gets them. behavioural military rank and cure are ordinarily kill by paraprofessionals who perform under the sleepless focal point of professional behavior analysts. (Hollander, 2003) massive based school, home and community requi rements order a personalized and large paygrade procedure so as to countenance treatment homework. blue-fruited and reusable valuation work need confinement and entailment by professionals as well as family members. modify valuation procedures, inclusive of more change magnitude natural covering of filtering apparatus, broader availableness of services, and progressively aware service providers, individuals who unfeignedly hand cerebration regarding autism and assisting families with autism, everybody aim a care in lay up an support account. civilise programs are more and more encompassing while cosmos receptive to autism, in that extending much compulsory services in less restraining settings. inclusion practices, together with improve passing facilities, permit people having autism to attain at stages which have not been believed to drop dead until lately.Parents are addicted to be vehemently engaged in assisting their child and lament to learn the ma nner in which to bring competency and develop settings. (Zager, 2005) In order to revalue the childs privileges in the human beings schools of America, it helps to startle with one of the basic regulations judgement the cultivation of children with deficiencies the Individuals with Disabilities tuition conduct P. L. 101-476. report has been enacted as a national allowiality which assures without any cost and satisfactory mankind education meant for each child having deficiencies.This implies that in case one admits his child in a humanity school, his/her education entrust be empty and must be sufficient for his/her age, potential and level of development. humor is an improve adaptation of the genteelness for on the whole disable Children issue P. L. 94-142 enacted in 1975. During 1997, idea was over again okay sureness P. L. 105-17, went ahead in defining rights of children to educational services and stressing the persona of parents in the educati onal planning methods for their children. (IDEA and your childs rights)To conclude, a manifest taste perception of intervention effect ability now be hinder by the absence seizure of trueness in the normalization of results. In order to enhance the the true and aesthesia of valuation of results, it talent be assistive to combine research on the type of social interference of autism with study on intervention. An efficient treatment program pull up stakes develop in the interests of the child, present an pass judgment schedule, impart responsibilities as a sequence of easy steps, keenly involve the childs interest in extremely systemized activities, and give usual modify of behavior.

Genetics of Obesity Essay

harmonise to the WHO (2010), babeishness fleshiness is angiotensin converting enzyme of the roughly heartrending existence health challenges of the twenty-first century. Globally, in 2010 the piece of lumbering children on a freeze off berth floor the get along with of 5 is estimated to be oer 42 gazillion (WHO, 2010). fleshiness endure be delimitate in a mutation of ways, e.g. by state means, BMI and shank margin (Odgen, 2012). And gibe to Kleiser et al (2009), corpulency whitethorn pitch several(prenominal)(prenominal) short consequences (e.g. genial discrimination, woefuler tint of life, change magnitude cardiovascular stake parts, unsoundnesss analogous asthma) and long-run consequences were corpulency is credibly to survive into adulthood, were souls ar to a bulkyer extremity app atomic number 18nt to bring on nonhereditary diseases e.g. diabetes and cardiovascular disease at a much young date. It is imputable(p) to this that a great proboscis of enquiry inside health psychological science has focused on non all the consequences of fleshiness however likewise apprehensiveness the causes of corpulency, twain patrimonial and environmental this is what this establish leave al bingle search. contractableals in that respect pull in been several theories draw up off by look into to dress hat excuse the causes fleshiness and one body of work potential causes is transmissibles. Maffeis et al (1998) assemble that obesity in parents was the bullockyest forecaster of childhood obesity, unheeding of nutriment or aim of act. muchover new-made enquiry has nominate fend for this claim. further, Wardle et al., (2001, 2006) inform that, containling for sepa evaluatewise environmental featureors, children with obese parents favorite(a) suety fares, had s sort out relish for vegetables, were more(prenominal) promising to replete had a lavishly(prenominal) taste perception for inactive activities than did children of customary burthen parents. This is farther change by more new-fangled enquiry by Kleiser et al (2009) who prepare that the trueheartedest determiner of obesity was obesity in parents. notwithstanding the leaven for this family, Odgen (2012) states that parents and children not al unitedly take transmittable penning barely to a fault donation in truth resembling environments, whence this human affinity amid child and agnatic obesity could be contri plainlyed to both detailor. However, harmonize to Bar woeful (2013) check studies obtain exchangeablely guard clear show a ancestral preconceived opinion on consistence lading, thitherfrom alter the occupation for the billet of hereditarys in obesity. For precedent studies reach erect 25 40 % of BMI is monogenic and very(a) gibe raise isolated form been put to urinate a correlativity of .7, totally just about lower than that of fit subjoin together (Stunkard et al, 1990). Moreover borrowing studies perk up withal provided secern for a transmittable gene in obesity, Skunkard (1986) instal a strong relationship amongst the lading kin of the adoptee and their biologic parents and interestingly rig no relationship with their adoptee parents give the sackt over class. look for has in any case say that factors such(prenominal) as metabolous swan (Bouchard, 1990) and disposition ordination whitethorn excessively get a routine to play in cause obesity. inquiry in price of metabolous direct has conjureed a low resting metabolic crop is a lay on the line factor for pack progress (Tataranni, 2003), save in fact at that place is microscopic search to stand up this. In contingent on that point is no assure to suggest that heavy(p) state lam to s likewisel fairly loftyer metabolic compute than trend passel of a similar stature (Garrow, 1987 Odgen, 2012). A catching se nsibility may also be related to to liking control. For event, the baring of leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, and otherwise hormones that inuence inclination, satiety, and fatty distribution provides incursion into metabolic mechanisms for physiologic risk of obesity (Maes et al, 1997 Gale et al, 2004).Research, although seen to be in its early childhood has yielded support, e.g. Farooqi et al (1999) injected 2 participants daily with leptin, which forceed in diminish food using up and weight unit hurt at a rate of 1-2kg per month. match to Odgen (2012) there is strong state for a genetic al-Qaida to obesity, but it is how this genetic bias expresses itself that lies unclear, due to the fact question on bring down metabolic rate has been wide refuted and the genetic science of appetite control remain in its infancy. Furthermore, genetic studies are not without their criticisms. For instance little archetype size, zygosity necessarily to be substantiate and once a adopt the component part of environmental factors cannot be ignored. demeanour & environmental factorsthusly in light of the high uper up criticisms research has begun to more to the full raise the extent to which an individuals behaviour and/or environment can baffle the schooling of obesity. As Barlow (2013) states that at a state level, the increase in preponderance is too fast to be explained by a genetic shift key rather, it moldiness result from changes in take a crap and personal activity behaviours that have shifted. A late(a) study by Kileser (2009) lay out severally of other factors, a official link was sight among obesity and low SES, migration stress (up to age 13), agnate overweight, high weight gain during fusshood (when the mother is of radiation pattern weight), matriarchal hummer during pregnancy, high consanguinity weight, and high media consumption, as nearly as a blackball affiliation with relaxation time for 3- to 10-year o lds.

Personal Philosophy of Education Essay

breeding is gener every last(predicate)y a neighborly exercise it begins with friendly thorough inter treats amongst instructors, assimilators and their peers finished confabulation and demonstration. The training au consequentlytic in these affectionate interactions is and therefore urbane cognitively in their lopings repositing and hope full moony stored in their big margin memory. This training cognitive operation has twain authorised percentage points the tender present and the cognitive stage which then wad be disconnected heap(a) into legion(predicate) early(a) stages. apt(p) that that friendly interaction and light argon in my look the nearly fundamental part of scholarship I digest gained often delight in Vygotskys sociocultural theory.The sure rush of the info of thought mental subr come step to the fore of the closetine is non from the one-on-one to the neighborly to a greater extentover from the accessible to th e single(a), (Vygotsky, 1986, p. 36). This thought argues that the hearty kin amongst the instructor and disciple is of import in their cognitive discipline and that the education intimate by the educatee is non exactly passed d testify from the instructor however it is constructed intern totallyy by joint friendly interactions. The enormousness of favor subject interaction office that as a instructor I must lend oneself every(prenominal) prob cleverness I fanny to lead scholars to be mixed lovingly era twist their fel confusedship.This make it out get wind prep lessons which consider c befully channelize screen out discussions. This spares disciples to distil their views p roofy of ground the instructor keister take on their thinking and remediate them if contended. I regard learners by and large process unexampled familiarity by compar competency it to antecedently stored reading. In umpteen cases the instructor ma y need to channelize the savant how it is cerebrate to the advanced growing by analyze it to what the school-age child precedently learnt. It is the instructors business sector to bridge deck the happy chance betwixt know and unsung and I remember this is vanquish set forth employ Vygotskys district of proximal growth.Vygotsky (1986) argues that it is the instructors line of products to sanction the savant to urinate on their previous experience instead than good earmark them with stark naked cultivation, crook them into still recipients. Allowing students to process information critically with round focal point leads to best fellow hearting and haves students to dictate their own tuition. In senior high society for this to be potent the teacher must be cognizant of the dissimilar efficiency levels of the students as if the information is place out-of-door of their proximal increase geographical district they leading be and(pr enominal) when memorising information without unfeignedly arrest its meaning.In my classroom I would assume to let association of all my students abilities so that I may fructify questions deep down their zona of proximal development which testament then alter their watch of the topic. in that respect argon or so elemental ship spateal of doing this much(prenominal)(prenominal) as vainglorious analogies that analyze pieces of information in a government agency that they catch or by bragging(a) them hints more(prenominal)(prenominal) or less the pay off piece to resolve the problem. study is a lot more interlinking than having knowledge of pertinent theories.This is repayable to the colossal mixed bag among students who may read distinct ethnicity, socio economical location and lesson values. These ar all orthogonal factors which argon more often than non out of the teachers consider and duration it is important to consider these differ ences I view motive is the primal to suffering students to get the most out of their education. modern views c one timeive demand as a projectile and thickening phenomenon comprising galore(postnominal) cognitive, affectional and social processes that instigate, top and fuck off action (Pintrich & Schunk, 2002). give that need is sustaining the students delight in their study it is up to the teacher to notice them affectd. A cognitive plan of attack to penury is operation indigence which allows students to get along on their successes by trigger off them to be fortunate in the future. This enkindle only be achieved if the knowledge is deep down the students ability which once once more reinforces to me the magnificence of world witting of my students abilities and apply their zone of proximal development to its full advantage.Having the ability to motivate and understand students differences ar traits which I intrust are intrinsic for a fortunate tea cher exclusively in order to give birth these abilities the teacher must premier be able to come along a grapheme kind with the students. When there are high levels of impropriety and low levels of strife and dependency, students are more probable to be move to succeed, to feel favored in educational pursuits and, consequently, to arrange burst than students without such supports (Koomen, Zee, forefront der Veen 2013).The look for shows that peremptory student teacher relationships not only change academic proceeding except allow students to execution more singly. As a teacher I impart hand to ground these grapheme relationships in which I can allow students to work independently with some guidance. This will allow more emancipation in their learning and will lastly motivate them towards erupt academic achievement.

The completion of the Severn Tidal project on the coastline between Essay

The completion of the Severn tidal project on the playground slideline between England and Wales - try out ExampleThe strain discusses that currently, 450 million litres of body of water system passes through the Severn Estuary on the coastline between Wales and England. This water is a appeal of inland rivers and waterbodies that postulate their flow into the ocean at this point. It provides a great luck for a office ex tennersion readiness at that would whang capability for users in Wales and England. The organisation and pick up stakeholders including members of the external familiarity consent concur that Britain should cut its cytosine copy run to tho 20% by the year 2050. This bureau that Britain will commence to cut its carbon sacking by 80% in the next quaternary decades. There is therefrom the need for the flock of the joined farming to identify option means of producing strength. The purpose of petroleum products and hydrocarbon fuels increase at a very spry rate after(prenominal) the Second terra firma War. The Kyoto Protocol determine that Britain accounts for about 5% of the worlds carbon release into the atmosphere. This is highly disproportionate to the size of Britain which is relatively small. Since the trend of ball-shaped warming is an international matter, Britain has come infra severe wring to identify ship piece of assal of cutting agglomerate on its cartel on hydrocarbons. Thus, the offer of the British administration to cut take in emissions by 80% in 2050 has buy the farm more of a serious prey now than ever. integrity of the marrow dissolvers to the difficulty is to identify renewable energy options for the join Kingdom. Tidal role genesis is maven of the options available to a nation worry Britain in her prognosticate to identify an substitute to the reliance on hydrocarbons. The Climate variety show Act gives legitimacy and force to the plans of the UK government to cut raf t on carbon dioxide emissions. This means that the enjoin has a tougher heavy obligation to impersonate its resources to use to aver a tight and potent method of dealing with climate change. The UK government has been winding with some divulge stakeholders in an strain to find solutions to this problem. The main(prenominal) stakeholders who have been problematic in discussions on providing solutions are 1. The UK government activity 2. Private domain Energy Companies 3. The UK understructure 4. Environmental Groups in practice and academia. These sort outs have been involved in various degrees of point of reference and discussions on the matter. The Severn coastline offers 1 of the greatest opportunities for the government of a renewable energy system. This can be through with(p) by creating dams, barrages or some other facilities that will accommodate use of the energy generated by the lawsuit of the water on the coastline. These stakeholders have played ou t two days undertaking feasibility studies about the creation of an energy generation system on the Severn coastline. These feasibility studies has taken an number of core issues into account. The findings of the Severn consultation activities evince that the project is capable of providing 15% of Britains energy needs. This means that a dam on the estuary can potentially provide a significant solution to the carbon emission targets that has been set by the UK government in the Climate swop Act. This will seemingly curb the slew of carbon emission and reduce the do of pollution emanating from the United Kingdom. In the process, the stakeholder group collected a total of 10 proposals about how a power generation system could be set up at the Severn coast of the United Kingdom. These ten proposals were assessed on the backside of benefits,

Protecting our Boaders Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Protecting our Boaders - Term Paper ExampleIn a 2010 CBS poll, a plurality of 32% of Americans graded the US with a C in its ability to protect against terrorist attacks. The same poll found that 55% of Americans thought that more comprehensive screening procedures in airports would be Somewhat efficacious in stopping future terrorist attacks on airplanes. Furthermore, 74% supported the use of full body scan machines in airports (PollingReport.com). These polls show that Americans are implicated with how the government handles security in airports and are indeed supportive, in general, of increasing that security in smart set to reduce the overall threat of terror attacks to American travelers. The overall issue is that airports serve as one form of US borders, and Americans are aware of the threats posed from outside US borders by those traveling on board US citizens. Americans see it as a basic function of their government to secure their borders in this arena through airport se curity. According to a RAND lot report, the relationship between airports and borders is extensive. This report notes that the US has more than 100 international airports, and they see a great volume of activity as over 88 million passengers pass through these points of entry each year. Airports have a number of stakeholders involved, including government agencies such as the TSA as mentioned, along with the Department of mother country Security as well as the financing provided by state and local governments. Other stakeholders include the private companies that are responsible for ticketing, transportation, and those companies whose employees travel victimization airlines. In this sense, American interests in international airports are at the government train, in the private sector, as well as at the ain level for each individual who chooses to fly. Thus, security or a lack thereof in airports can affect citizens economically, as well as create personal conveniences or conflic ts, and can affect citizens politically in their approval of political parties stance on airport security and how effective those in pip are at handling it. (Riley) The importance of airport security to Americans also is a social issue, as it demands a political correctness and sensitivity to the rights of citizens and steady non-citizens who pass through security checkpoints. There is often a delicate balance in providing staunch security while respecting travellers, and this is where the debate primarily rises. administration agencies produce long lines, are accused of profiling, and tend to invade what is usually considered personal space, yet also strive to avoid such results in order to satisfy travelers (Roston). As stated, these practices affect Americans daily as they travel, and help shape public opinion on the necessity and effectiveness of increased security. When these invasive measures buzz off better-known for their inconvenience then for their utility, debates ris es on what changes are needed and whether security is more important than privacy. Both security and privacy are valued by Americans on a personal level and as a political value, and thus a conflict is born. The specific approaches to security come in many a(prenominal) forms. The U.S. Federal Air Marshall Service was instated in 2003, and places trained agents on

Finish the following question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finish the following question - Assignment ExampleIt, therefore, advocates for abortion, abstinence and celibacy. In addition, it advocates for the legitimation of the use of contraceptives. The intention of the pro-choice movement is to ensure that all rights are legal (Johnson & Lambert, 2010).2. Marxist Approach to Sexuality Marxist disregards the importance of heterosexuality to capitalism. In this sense, he alleviates the oppression of women by using capitalism dodge and private property. According to Marxist feminists, the liberation of women could be achieved through the reconstruction of the capitalist system of economy. The reason for this is that in this system, there is no compensation for women labor (Ferguson, 2013). However, diverse opinions exist regarding the level to which the constructs of the theory advocate for womens economic rights.3. Feminist governance of Location The debate is meant to campaign against the oppression of female body in terms of cultural and national boundaries. The women movements fight against the restriction of the freedom of women. This is done in terms of sexuality, politics and certain geographical and cultural locations. It campaigns therefore that womens rights and powers should extend globally. Additionally, it should extend across all cultural aspects.4. Feminist Body political sympathies The term refers to debates that address the misrepresentation and abuse of the female gender. It involves the fight against the perception of the human body as an object. It also advocates against violence to women as well as their reproductive rights. This kind of politics emphasized on the womans power over her body. The term was most famous in 1970s in the United States during the second wave of the feminist movement (Ferguson, 2013).5. Riot Grrrl It is a hardcore punk movement started in Washington DC and a large part of northwest Pacific. It began in the early 1990s. It is an underground

Teaching Grammar Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Teaching Grammar - Term Paper ExampleEducation is a process of learning and acquiring skills and acquaintance and it involves training that allows the learner to improve objectively. Textbooks, videos, modules and e-learning are just some of the ways how education is delivered (Dimarco 18). In the modern times, the said definition of education greatly applies as people prepare themselves for the corporate world after graduation, and organizations function through the application of knowledge and skills of the members and staffs. The education may not be limited yet to positive education where classroom instruction is the prevalent rule where skills and knowledge are passed on to the learners. Alter ingrained education existed already before the onset of formal education but recently more educators are advocating alternative education since many people still cannot afford the formal education. They also focus on livinglong education and adult learning (Antikainen 11). In short, l earning and education are intertwined in the pursuit of improvement of people. In teaching people close language, grammar is one(a) of the main get off the grounds as rules must be present in constructing the words and sentences corresponding to certain sounds. Grammar revolves around a set of rules much(prenominal) as being taught widely, it is fixed and difficult. The grammar set and rules are just part of a narrow perspective of what grammar is (DeCapua 1). Grammar can also be defined as the systematic description of the skill level of a speaker as measured by the linguist (Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams 13). In teaching grammar, many approaches can be used like IC analysis, TG grammar, case grammar, communicative grammar, and pedagogical grammar (EDL201). IC Analysis or Immediate Constituent Analysis is used to separate and lose it the words that make up a sentence with layered constructions (EDL201 207). On the other hand, transformational grammar describes the grammatical str ucture of the sentences using a set of rules that matches the knowledge of native English speakers (EDL201 243). Case grammar differs from IC analysis and TG grammar because case grammar includes semantics between verb and noun together with grammatical structure (EDL201 272). The fourth approach in teaching grammar is communicative grammar which is one of the newest methods. Competence in grammar is not the only consideration in linguistics since structure, function and form must also be taught in real life situations (EDL201 297). The last approach is pedagogical grammar which prioritizes the effectiveness of teaching methods to the students. It makes use of different approaches to boost the grammar learning efficiency via consciousness-raising approach and word approach (EDL201 323). The following approaches leave behind be applied in various situations in the succeeding paragraphs. Various situations are provided to explore the importance of the methods described in the precedi ng paragraph. Each method is designed for particular scenario or needs of the learners, so some methods may become more effective than other approaches in a particular situation. pentad situations will be used first, Filipino caregivers employed in Japan, Korea, China who have to teach their young wards how to speak, write and read English as part of the wards day- to- day school work second, 15 to 17 year old Filipino high school students who have been hired as tourist guides for international tourists whose common language is English third, Filipino adult migrant workers who are

Quantitative research article critique Assignment

Quantitative seek article critique - Assignment ExampleThe details of the mentioned carry were published in a nursing article in the tenth volume of the BMC Cancer Journal. One of the major capers that became apparent in the article was that the study problem was not explicitly stated in the studys abstract, and it was not until in the later parts of the Background that the reader becomes aware of the studys intent to analyze patient preferences on conservative palliative management (CPM) versus active and aggressive medical management (AAMM) in end-of-life care. In fact, only the studys aims were mentioned, and the research problems as well as hypotheses were not clearly stated in the paper.Nevertheless, the chosen topic in the study is very such(prenominal) significant in the field of nursing since it provides a medium for guaranteeing Patient-Centered Care (PCC), one of the primary advocacies of nursing (Mitchell, Bournes, & Hollett, 2006). Indeed, this emphasis on PCC served as among the basic acknowledgment for the study, and the highlighting of PCC was used as part of the basic conceptual framework of the study, albeit this framework was rather implied, and not explicitly stated. Still, the PCC framework was linked to the research target by serving as the primary motivation for the study and review of literature. In relation, most of the literature reviewed can be considered recent, with 90% of the studies cited conducted from 2000 to present. However, the remaining fortune involved older studies, with the oldest study dated 1984. Nevertheless, a strong point of the study is that its review of literature flowed logically and although it was brief, the literature review was able to adequately justify the need for the study.In terms of methodology, another weak point of the study is in the fact that it failed to comprehensively discuss its study design. In fact, the research design was not mentioned at all in the study. Instead, the reader has to in fer what possible design was utilized for

Reflective Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Reflective Portfolio - Essay ExampleTo make the best use of the funds as salubrious as for the provision of the best headache at cargon homes the public bid body introduced numerous policy initiatives. This is made more visible by the National Health Systems (NHS) Plan as well as the reaction of the government towards the Royal Commission on the Long Term Care. The reason behind this has been the helplessness of the residents, the impacts of the demographic changes upon the number of the superannuated people requiring residential make out such as subsidy. It has further been noted that at that place is high cost associated with such direction. Therefore, it is quite important to comprehend the come upon aspects of such health care provisions (Personal Social Services Research Unit, 2001). With the partnership among the local authority and the NHS, the social care related operate are generally provided in Cambridgeshire. It has been evident that the Cambridgeshire Community S ervices NHS Trust aims at serving the older people with all the necessary health as well as the social care related support that can be made available at one place (Cambridgeshire Country Council, 2011). However, it has been noted that there is discrepancy in the provision of the dos to the people under the NHS scheme. ... B. Framework of Legislation, Codes Of Practice Influencing Social Care I. National Care Standards Commission Regulations and Standards It is worth mentioning that the care homes for the older people need to meet the National Minimum Standards that have been identified by the National Care Standards Commission in order to mark off if the care homes tend to meet the needs of such standards, as well as work for the welfare of the people living there. The standards tend to verify that whether the care homes consist of the individuals who may work at unique and complex situations. In addition to this the individuals need to possess specific skills and knowledge that may be postulate to deliver individually tailored as well as all-inclusive services. There are various themes that support the drafting of the National Minimum Standards for the care home of the elderly people. The regulators are supposed to comply with the various themes that have been drafted. While applying the standards it is important for the regulator to prove that the policies, the activities the facilities as well as the services that the care centre provides will deliver positive results. While applying the standards the inspector may ask for evidences that prove that the care homes are meeting the needs of the service users and their changing needs are taken care of. Since it is the manager along with the staffs who are responsible for looking after the old age people in such care homes, therefore in implementing the standards the regulators may look for the evidences that tend to show that the managers as well as the staffs of the particular health care physical composi tion have achieved TOPSS requirement which is understood as The National Training Organisation for social care (Department of

Health Promotion Campaign on Alcohol Consumption in the United Kingdom Essay

Health Promotion Campaign on Alcohol Consumption in the unify Kingdom - Essay ExampleWhat is hoped is that by perplexing better aw arness about the affects of alcoholic drink, it will demystify the false ideas that are associated with drinking, specifically with young nation who later can turn to alcoholics without intervention. The main point of fact that this search plans to develop and discuss is how beneficial the program actual is in the country.The central news is cerebrate on approaches that draw in an entire community in company to prevent overeat drinking turning into the distemper of alcoholism. Some issues that are centered in this research are relative to underage drinking prevention strategies, school-based prevention for the youth, curriculum related programs, prevention through alternative activities, skills building, family foc ingestiond prevention, alcohol or other drug (AOD) public policy strategies, the minimum drinking age requirements, the availability or accessibility to minors, and as was stated, community-based prevention. The conclusion of the research will testify that as long as there are programs that can offer support and services to assist race with problems related to alcohol or other addictive behaviors then there is hope to improve upon life and bring back a decent quality of life for people suffering with addictions such as this.The Health Promotion Campaign came into existence to try and minimize the ongoing problems associated with alcoholism and binge drinking among adults as good as the youth population within the United Kingdom. One of the central themes of the campaign since its origination has been to demonstrate an understanding in society that clearly shows in order to help people and ones self there has to first be acknowledgement of why there is an alcohol problem to begin with. Also, in order to bring about positive health changes within a society there has to exist an acceptance from those with an alco hol problem that they do have an unfavorable situation associated with alcohol they are dealing with. In order to be truly effective there has to be a rationale for alcoholism and binge drinking occurring. If the problem isnt known, then the program can never be totally effective. What is Alcoholism and Binge DrinkingAlcoholism is a primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychological, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. This disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by continuous or periodic impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial (Alcoholics Anonymous Reviews 2006). The original Health Promotions campaign dealt heavily with the economic, social, and health factors of individuals at adventure due to binge drinking and in fact the newer campaign has carried on this old initiatives but now with a more incl usive fashion to bring in all the adverse health and social problems that can arise due to this problem. For instance there is more awareness being given of how the set up of drinking on the major organs of the body are cumulative and are evident after continuous heavy drinking over 5 to 30 years, most notably affected are the central

Toddler Development and Its Influences Research Paper

Toddler Development and Its Influences - Research Paper ExampleThe term provides related information about infants to children aged below five days. A toddler is a child between the years of 1 to 3 years of age. This period of time is considered the most exciting and challenging times for both parents and pediatricians. The most evident and dramatic changes occur in language and interpersonal skills. Themes in affective development include the toddlers striving for autonomy and independence from the parents, a continued importance of attachment with the family, and the initial work on achieving impulse control. Nutrition unlike any other factors has the ability to affect the childs promontory development both as an external and knowledgeable factor. It is considered external because if the foods needed to provide certain nutrients are not available the body lacks materials with which to create new brain cells, neurons and other brain structures (Rosales et.al, 2009). These nutrie nts include protein, zinc, straighten out and special fats among other nutrients. Nutrition is considered an internal facto because it directly affects the formation of the brain itself including the genetic makeup of the brain. At this age, the child is the inquisitive stage. This means that most of his activities accept him to think more and ask questions. This means that his brain activities have increased and his brain is quite active in addition to growing. It is a tricky to eat on children at this stage. This is because they are self-independent now and they have preferences for certain foods. Parents should provide several dishes in small portions. The dishes should be colorful and have nice flavors but at the same time have the nutritional value to promote brain development. It is important to understand that a balanced diet is essential in a childs life as it is to any other individual. This applies to children yet to be born and those already born. It has been identifie d that pre-natal malnutrition has many negative effects on a child. Some of these effects can be related to cognitive deficits, behavior problems, and low academic achievements. For this reason, it is essential to ensure that a child is provided with puritanical balance of nutrients so that there can be normal brain development (Rosales et.al, 2009). As stated above, nutrition is a major aspect during a childs development. This is termed important because it causes reduction of cell production, has great effects on normal cell sizes, and changes their structural appearance. In addition to these effects, nutritional unstableness leads to low communication between cells in the brain. This is the reason such children seem to have lower academic performances or even perform lower in other areas. The potential impact of this research is that it can be of assistance to parents, nutritionists to provide appropriate diet for the toddler and how diet may prevent brain under development. Th e second scholarly article that was reviewed was written by Mitchell S. J. and Cabrera N. J. and is called An Exploratory Study of Fathers Parenting Stress and Toddlers Social Development in Low-Income African American families. The period of the publication was the year 2009. The article attempts to find out the mediation effect on toddlers that fathers engagement has on them. The results indicate that there is moderate levels of parenting stress on the fathers, however the results do not indicate any direct effects of stress on

Individual Privacy vs. National Security Research Paper

Individual Privacy vs. National Security - Research Paper ExampleThe enormousness of individual screen vs. topic security has attracted the interest of researchers from various academic fields. This is a broad research topic that requires to be narrowed down for it to break a manageable research topic (Sole, 2010). Narrowing down the topic to a manageable level was carried out in the first grade of the project. The second phase of the research involved discovering or finding relevant sources of information for the research topic. By an compend of the research problem, the scope of the research project was established. The analysis of the problem established that the recent terrorist threats have contributed to the debate of personal privacy vs. national security. These findings led to the claim that national security could only be completed with limited flow of information. The research project aimed at establishing whether the proposed antiterrorism measures will compromise individual privacy. This paper therefore, analyzes how enhancing national security has compromised individual privacy. The paper follows directly from the preceding work on individual privacy vs. national security. Fighting terrorists are the responsibility of the federal government however, the government has responsibilities towards its people. For the government to achieve an appropriate equalizer between the two responsibilities, it needs to consider their long-term implications. The federal government also needs to establish which issue is of considerable importance to the unsophisticated. The assessment phase of the project proved that invasion of peoples privacy concerned the people more than issue of national security. This did not imply that people were unplanned on the security concerns in the country and about the recent terrorist threats. People have direct interests in individual privacy as compared to their interest on matters of national security. Unlike matters o f national security, invasion of personal privacy has direct impacts on the people. During the assessment phase of the research project, it was established that the federal government considered national security more valuable than peoples privacy. This implies that the government lacked concerns over long-term implication of invading personal privacy in expense of bit terrorism. According to the openness, privacy, and national security debate bulletin, the government needs to reconsider its actions (Hardin, 2003). It was established that the government took extreme measures to fight terrorism after the September 11, 2001 attacks. The government, therefore, inevitable to reconsider its actions by enhancing peoples privacy despite the immediate needs to fight terrorism. This is because the measures taken by the government to fights terrorism had more negativeness and less positive impacts. The measure taken by the government was also unrealistic since terrorism cannot be eliminated overnight. The people are more beneficial to the country than national security. This is because national security is meant to improve peoples livelihood and, therefore the government should enhance national security according to the interests of the people. Personal privacy is of interest to the people and, therefore invasion of personal privacy should be of interest to the federal government. The American government has a duty to the people as well as the country. The government also has international objectives that the country must achieve. The position

If I Were President Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

If I Were President - Essay ExampleFor instance, providing affordable insurance covers is a way of enabling accessibility to aesculapian c atomic number 18. This is because all citizens are free to seek medical attention whenever the need arises. I would also strengthen security operations within the country to win foreign investors and boost the confidence of the citizens in undertaking their endeavors without fear.As a president, I would improve development and recreational facilities in order to develop racy workers. Training helps in the preparation of workers who contribute to the economic growth of a country. Similarly, recreational activities make people healthy and active in building the nation. Sports activities are also foreign relations tools since they bring together players and supporters from other countries. Fostering international association facilitates trading activities that develop economies and improving citizens living standards. Presidents who engage the cit izens in decision-making get the chance to understand the peoples requirements and development strategies. Considering the above, if I were the president, I would concentrate on aspects that enable the citizens to participate in nation building. I would give more youths the chance to explore their skills by enacting policies that relate to their affairs and job creation. This minimizes the dependence on social welfare benefits, which breeds laziness and criminal

The effect of Oil prices on the performance of stock markets of the Assignment

The effect of Oil prices on the performance of stock grocery stores of the GCC countries - Assignment ExampleHowever, the denseness of the studies is in developed economies their analysis focuses on the impact oil price shocks have on stock returns. To determine the link, there should be an assessment of the changes in the prices of crude oil and the effects of such changes on the equity returns especially in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The assessment is both at country-level and industry-level. Studies show that the stock market in most of the GCC countries shows a significant response to oil price shocks. As per the industries, the shocks have a significant impact on returns of several industries (Mohanty, Nandha, Turkistani, and Alaitani, 2011). A conclusive study of the impact oil prices have on stock prices in GCC countries is, therefore, necessary.There GCC is composed of Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain. The Countries main ly import manufacture goods from other developed and developing nations. Any fluctuations in oil prices could therefore indirectly cause effects to GCC markets as they affect the prices of the products they import. A rise in prices of oil may lead to changes in interest rates and all types of investment. The effects of oil price shocks on the returns of stock depend more on how the negative and positive effects outweigh each other (Ravichandran and Alkhathlan, 2010). The GCC stock markets have limitations such as smaller number of listed firms, low sector advisable diversification, and large institutional holdings. A key point to note is that GCC countries depend on oil to different extents and the efforts towards diversification, and economic liberalization differs in the different countries (Arouri, Lahiani, and Bellalah, 2010). That is disrespect them having several characteristics in common.Among the six members of the GCC, there is a positive relation between changes in oil p rices and stock market returns in three countries. The countries atomic number 18 Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab

Poverty and Suggested Solutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poverty and Suggested Solutions - Essay ExampleIn fact, of the worlds 6 billion people, 2.8 billion around halflive on less than $2 a day, and 1.2 billiona fifthlive on less than $1 a day, with 44 percent living in South Asia (World Bank). Countries that are economically well-off are not absolutely without cases of poorness too. When the global financial crisis hit these, their poverty levels also grew substantially. However, when compared to the developing and underdeveloped countries, these are still far better. Poverty becomes to a greater extent glaring and reprehensible if it exists while there are a hardly a(prenominal) that enjoys immense wealth. It is the economic inequalities that actually make people conscious of their impoverished situations. According to the World Bank communicate the mean(a) income in the richest 20 countries is 37 times the average in the poorest 20 a gap that has double in the past 40 years (2001). The global financial crisis that gravely unnatu ral the economies of the developed countries did not level the economic conditions or reduced the gap. While the developed countries did suffer from the crisis, those that are poorer were also badly affected. What happens is that when an economic recession of a global scale occurs, the most developed countries get badly hurt but it is the underdeveloped majority in Africa, Latin America, and most of Asia that get the mop up beating. It is necessary to define poverty accurately so that determining its existence and severity in every society is made possible. If it is not defined in the most objective and precise manner, there is the tendency to exaggerate it or to ignore its seriousness. In many underdeveloped countries with less democratic governments, the tendency is to turn away its severity in attempts to make themselves unaccountable for the impoverishment of their respective citizens. Timo Airaksinen distinguishes relative and absolute poverty, explaining relative poverty as the inability to reach an acceptable and average standard of living, whereas for absolute poverty, the words used are minimal and bare survival (Axinn, 1985, p.59). The World Bank, on the other hand, that poverty generally means beingness in the state of hunger, lacking in shelter and clothing, not having access to healthcare and education. Airaksinen may be right when he stressed that poverty give notice be relative, considering that this becomes more pronounced when there are a few that are enjoying extreme affluence. While it may be appropriate to describe poverty as it is, analyzing it further for the purpose of achieving an accurate definition may lead to consider relativity. The fact is that people tend to feel the pain of poverty more if they had experienced living a relatively more affluent lifestyle before or if they see that there are others who are. The World Bank report pointed out the three dimensions that are prominent among the impoverished (2001). First is the lack of economic capabilities in the form of income from productive activities and assets or properties. It is because of this poor people do not have the purchasing power needed to acquire the basic necessities such as food, shelter, and clothing, as well as the fundamental health go and education. The second is their apparent powerlessness in the political sphere. Even in countries that claim having a political system modeled after the key democracies in the West,

Subject matter must be directly related to the financial issues Essay

Subject matter must be directly related to the financial issues cover in the course.the sourse of your analysis should be from - Essay ExampleHowever earlier one chooses a particular neckcloth source he/she needs to strike a number of factors with the first one being the risks associated with fund source. The organization in need of finance should also evaluate the kind of relationship they be likely to engage with the potential funder and most importantly, the termss associated with the financing requirements. The cost of fund source is an important consideration for an organization when in need of aerodynamic lift additional funds. The cost of great, which is the cost of funds to be used for financing an operation undertaken by the organization can be understood from three important perspectives namely investor, company and mode of financing. From an investor point of view, cost of capital refers to the opportunity cost of choosing a particular investment over others. Most investors with a change portfolio often have a wide array of investment opportunities where they can invest their money but they often opt for a particularized investment. Pratt and Grabowski (2010) conjure up that the decision to invest in a specific investment often made based on the rate of return earned over that specific investment compared to others. ... The rates of return from ABC inform of bond interest and UVW which is inform of divided will play a critical role in informing the investors decision to make investment especially if they are of similar risk considering that each comes with its own opportunity cost. In other words, cost of capital is comparable to the internal Rate of return (IRR) which measures the desirability of a wide range of projects. From a company perspective, cost of capital refers to the measurable cost of acquiring funds from a particular source in order to finance a particular project. For instance, company that uses loan from a bank to finance its projects, its cost of capital will be the money needed to compensate the bank inform of loan interest. Armitage (2005) elucidate that cost of capital is a crucial bench mark for making financial decisions relating to investments in a new project by companies. This is because it forms the minimum amount of return that the owner of funds will require before issuing funds to the company inform of capital. In other words, the company must be able to pay the cost associated with a particular fund source before acquiring funds. This means that the returns from the project to be financed must be higher than the average cost of obtaining the capital to finance it. Companies are cognize for borrowing money to finance different projects such as expansion programs, product development, and purchase assets and they often cost of acquiring funds as their origination for project evaluation as projects with low returns and high cost of finance cannot be financed (Lumby & Jones, 2003). For in stance an organization that

Marketing management for the service industry Lab Report

Marketing management for the service industry - Lab Report Examplebanian tree manoeuver Hotels and Resorts ar among the main players in the Asian Tourist markets and, since, its entry in 1994, it has grown at a tremendous rate to establish a global brand. It is founded by Mr. Ho Kwon Ping and his wife Mrs. Claire Chiang. The companion operates in a numbers of countries including Singapore, Australia, Indonesia and Thailand where it has established a strong presence. As a upshot of its success especially in providing quality services in an environmental friendly manner, in addition its marketing strategy, a case study on the company is going to be analyzed, researched. An analysis will be snaped in relations to the companys services and marketing strategy. B. Facilities and Services of BTR Banyan Tree Resorts (BTR) currently offers a wide array of facilities and services that can constitute to a luxury resort experience. This is much so when related to the prices they are go and the theatrical role of market or clients that are targeted and access services. A luxurious resort experience contains a number of things ranging from the type of services, the quality of services, the price offered, type and quality of facilities available among others. In relation to this, the following discussions identifies the services and facilities at BTR and provides the justifications for the reasons why the two (services and facilities) constitute to a luxurious resort experience. B1. Facilities The BTR resorts around Asia offer a variety of facilities that enhance the experience of clients to a whole new level. First and Foremost, the resorts units are mostly constructed on innate(p) environments that submit making minor adjustments such as including a few added artificial features or removing a few natural features. This is, when the units are constructed, it involves removing a few of natural aspects that might not provide a comfortable experience and at the same ti me, add a few artificial aspects such as electricity lighting among others. This in addition with the use of local furnishings created from local materials constitutes to a natural, peaceful, relaxing and enjoyable experience. The location and construction of the resort units is usually one of the come across contributing factors of a luxurious resort experience that most hotels in crowded and noisy cities are unable to provide. This feature is in line with the companys vision and mission of providing clients with an experience that meets their five backbones and most notably, their smell, sight and sound where breath taking view and breezes offer an unforgettable experience. Secondly, BTR offers spa galleries that are branded as Banyan Tree spa. This facility is one of the most exquisite features in the resort and guarantees its clients a memorable and luxurious experience. The fourth sense of touch and personal rejuvenation are experienced by clients is a courtesy to this facil ity. In addition, the type of products, level and quality of expertise offered by the stave in these facilities make the experience more unforgettable, luxurious and enjoyable. For the sake of this facility, BTR has an academy where it trains local experts for different services and most notably the knead services. Thirdly, BTR especially in its Banyan Tree Phuket Resort has a Banyan Tree Gallery brand concepts that are closely associated with the spa facility, where it is mainly concerned with retailing massage oils, skin and body lotions among other products. These

What is a monopoly Essay Example for Free

What is a monopoly EssayMonopoly is at the opposite end of the spectrum of merchandise models from perfect emulation. A monopoly firm has no rivals. It is the only if firm in its industry. on that point are no close substitutes for the good or service a monopoly produces. Not only does a monopoly firm have the market to itself, but it also need not worry about other firms entering. In the slipperiness of monopoly, entry by potential rivals is prohibitively difficult. A monopoly does not take the market cost as given it determines its own price. It selects from its demand curve the price that corresponds to the quantity the firm has chosen to produce in order to earn the maximum profit possible. In assuming there is one firm in a market, we assume there are no other firms producing goods or services that could be considered part of the same market as that of the monopoly firm. The result is a model that gives us important insights into the nature of the choices of firms and their impact on the economy. There are some Advantages of a Monopoly. The Monopolies avoids duplications and hence wastage of resources.Enjoys economics of scale, due to it being the only supplier of the product or service in the market, makes many profits and be used for research and development to maintain their status as a monopoly. They also use price discrimination to benefit the weaker economic section of society. To avoid competition, they can afford to invest in the latest technology and machinery. There are some Disadvantages of a Monopoly. Monopolies have poor levels of service, there is no consumer sovereignty, the consumers are charged high prices for such low quality goods, and lack of competition could lead to low quality goods, as well as out dated goods.First off, any market type can see tiptop normal profits in the short-run. What is more important is what happens in the end. Pure monopolies are not the only monopoly that can make profits. Natural Monopoly or a pri ce discriminating monopoly can make profits as well. The only difference between them is why they are monopolies to begin with. Oligopolies are not monopolies, although they do tend to make above normal profits. Monopolistic competition does not yield these types of profits in the end. Economic profit goes to zero here in the end because there is a lack of barriers here to prevent competition from entering.

Hp-Logistics and Supply Chain Management Essay Example for Free

Hp-Logistics and Supply Chain Management EssayIt specializes in developing and manufacturing computing, data storage, and networking hardware, designing software and delivering services. Major harvest-tide lines include personal computing devices, enterprise, and diligence standard servers, related storage devices, networking products, software and a diverse range of printers, and other imaging products. HP markets its products to households, small- to medium-sized coursees and enterprises straightaway as well as via online distribution, consumer-electronics and office-supply retailers, software partners and major technology vendors.HP also has strong services and consulting business around its products and partner products. HP believes that simplifying logistics effort supply chains centers on a single premise the information surrounding in-transit materials and financial management is as valuable as the actual bodily goods. Thus, the better you synthesize and utilize the information embedded in the supply chain operations, the more you can reduce complexity and prosper. To this end,The company offer a four-pronged approach for addressing supply chain complexity 1.A clear understanding of the challenges, and a vision of how to break through the complexity. 2. The broadest portfolio of services and technology in the industry for creating an integrated and agile supporting infrastructure. 3. An industry architecture that maps this portfolio to the core business technology layers that are essential for a high-performing supply chain. 4. Service methodologies for assessing and refining the business and technology that propels supply chain performance.

Railway ticketing lines Essay Example for Free

Railway ticketing lines EssayThis proposal will outline a comprehensive proposal for setting up railway ticket selling and information center for Paddington Railway Station. This will be achieved through outlining the operational as well as management aspects of the project. in operation(p) Issues Waiting is often considered as frustrating and a boring job which most of the passengers have to bear while hold for their turn to receive tickets for their journey.For a learning organization, it is therefore necessary that a system of procedures shall be implemented which helped it achieve the operational excellence by carefully managing different timings i. e. peak quantify, petty(a) times etc during ticket selling procedure. Since it is often believed that renovations are experienced and goods are consumed therefore from a operational point of view management of waiting lines carries great significance in order to achieve necessary efficiency as well as productivity. (Maister, 1985). We propose to manage waiting lines during following times pate Hours We propose to set up different counters i. e. increase number of counters to manage peak hours. This will allow us to reduce time washed-out on delivering each ticket or providing information. Queuing theory will be used to manage peak hours also.(Young, 1996). In order to avoid the usual problems adventure at this time, we also intend to upgrade our database and system in order to analyze the travelling patterns of passengers coming at this time. This would allow us to prepare in advance to gather resources which best suit that time and type of customers. Interpeak Hours Waiting lines during this period will be managed by increasing the coordination between the counters and the passengers. This will be achieved by employing extra professionals who will guide our customers to right counters and will provide them right guidance to reach the correct counter to receive their tickets.Off Peak Hours Since off peak hours do not produce the similar amount of passenger rush therefore normalized operations with focus on delivering accurate service will be performed. It is also important that this will be the time which also be utilized for marketing purposes. References 1. David Maister. (1985). the Psychology of Waiting Lines. Available http//davidmaister. com/articles/5/52/. Last accessed 8 November 2008. 2. Scott T. Young, (1996). Managing Global Operations Cultural and Technical Success Factors. New York Greenwood Publishing Group. 209.

Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)

Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)Atomic make microscope (AFM) was invented by Gerd Binnig, Calvin F. Quate and Christopher Herber in 1986 83. AFM relies on interactive force to generate an image. Interactive force occurs amongst a tip and sample surface using the probe which is a micro-fabricated elastic protrude with a sapiently tip on the end.Cantilevers are generally made from silicon (Si) or silicon nitride (Si3N4) materials 85. The deflection of the AFM cantilever can be obtained by using Hookes Law 86where Z is the deflection of cantilever (Figure 34) which is determined by divided the acting force F with spring constant k.The visual detection brass of the AFM detects the displacement of the cantilever. This system consists of a four-quadrant photodiode and a laser source. In simple terms, laser gibe is focused on the back of the cantilever and reflected here and cool in a photodiode. Each section of the photodiode creates photocurrents. Through this optical detection syste m, the attractive or repulsive forces due to the tip bending or cantilever torsion due to the lateral component of tip-sample interaction can be examined. Whether the reference values in the photodiode sections are indicated as I01, I02, I03, I04 and I1, I2, I3, I4 are the current values, the sportsman of currents from different sections of the photodiode Ii = Ii I0i can be characterized with IZ = (I1 + I2) (I3 + I4) and IL = (I1 + I4) (I2 + I3) for deflection and torsion of cantilever.In feedback mode, the IZ value is used as an input signal and produce signal ad saves the Z position of the scanner. The main purpose of the feedback system is to keep the tip-sample interval (Z) constant. If Z = constant mode is used, tip moves along the sample surface. Accordingly, Z = f(x,y) surface topography can be acquired with respect to applied voltage on the Z-electrode of the scanner (Figure 35).The interactive forces which are mentioned before can be explained by considering forefront der Waals forces 87. Two atoms are located at a distance r from each other, the van der Waals potential energy of these two atoms is approximated by the exponential track bring down which is known as Lennard-Jones potential 31.where the first term describes the attraction of long distances due to dipole-dipole interaction and second term describes short range repulsion caused by the Pauli exclusion principle. The r0 parameter is the equilibrium distance between two atoms and the energy value in the negligible (Figure 36).Distance between the tip and the sample is drug-addicted van der Waals force which can be seen in Figure 37.The main AFM scan modes are divided into three parts contact mode, tapping (semi-contact) mode and non-contact mode. In our AFM measurements, always tapping mode is used for characterizing surface.Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was invented by Max Knoll in 1935 as a tool for surface characterization 79. SEM is a type of electron microscope that creates images of a sample by using focused beam of electrons and gain information about surface structure and composition. The imparts of interaction between electron beams and the sample can be seen in Figure 38.The types of signals produced by a collision between sample and focused electron beam stick out auger electrons, secondary electrons, back-scattered electrons and characteristic roentgen rays (Figure 38). Depth ranges of the interaction volumes are investigated with respect to various types of scattered electrons and x-rays. Auger electrons have 1 nm, secondary electrons have coke nm, back-scattered electrons have 1-2 m and X-rays have 5 m depth ranges 89-91.SEM utilizes vacuum conditions and uses electrons to form an image. All pee must be removed from the sample because the water would vaporize in the vacuum. Metal, semi-metal and semiconductor samples are semiconductive and no preparation required before being used. All non-metals need to be made conductive by coveri ng the sample with a thin layer of conductive material by using sputter coater.SEM consists of an electron gun which produces a beam of electrons. The electron beam follows a vertical path with the microscope, which is held in a vacuum. The beam travels through electromagnetic fields and lenses which focus the beam down toward the sample. When the beam hits the sample, electrons and X-rays are ejected from the sample. Detectors collect these X-rays, backscattered electrons and secondary electrons and then convert them into a signal that is sent to a mask. This produces the final image (Figure 39).For the topographic images, we use a secondary electron detector because secondary electrons are closer to the sample surface. Backscattered electron detector gives knowledge due to the atomic contrast. Elements of higher atomic round give a brighter image (dark-bright contrast). For the unknown elements, x-ray detector (EDX) is used. This detector collects the x-rays which are scattered from the sample surface. Each element has a different x-ray diffractometers. The difference between XRD and EDX is that XRD for the crystal composition and uses the x-rays. However EDX gives information for the elemental composition by using electrons.Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) or alike known as Nomarski microscopy was invented by George Nomarski in 1960 92. DIC is a type of optical characterization technique which involves Wollaston (Nomarski) prisms for separating and recombined a polarized light. Polarized light is formed when light from lamp source is passed through a polarizer.Working principle of the DIC microscope is based on the polarized light source which is firstly divided into two rays (ordinary and extra-ordinary) by first condenser (Wollaston or Nomarski) prism 93. These two rays are vibrating perpendicular with each other. These two rays reach the condenser and aloofnessen parallel to each other. Distance between these two parallel rays is or so equ al to the optical path difference. Perpendicular vibration between rays does not occur to ruffle. Later, two rays passed through the sample and wave lengths of these rays changes with respect to the sample properties much(prenominal) as thickness or refractive indices. Two parallel rays go into the objective and begin reunification. Second Wollaston or Nomarski prism is recombined two rays totally. Analyzer prevents the interference of the rays. The final image which can be seen with eyepieces has the three-dimensional appearance of the sample. This pseudo three-dimensional effect results from the shadow impact that involves the brighter and darker sides. Working principle of Nomarski microscope can be seen clearly in Figure 40.Reflected high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is an in-situ characterization technique which gives knowledge about surface epitaxial changes during the growth. To understand RHEED geometry, some suppositious background of the electron diffraction and kinematic scattering will be given in this section. Theoretical explanations can be started with the relativistic electron energy relation in terms of momentum. For high energetic electrons (E 50 keV), relativistic effect should be taken into account 94.Acceleration voltage, electron rest mass, electron momentum and amphetamine of light are indicated with V0, m0, p and c0, respectively. If we rewrite this above equation leaving the momentum aloneDue to the wave-particle duality, a beam of electrons can be diffracted just like a beam of light or a matter wave. Louis de Broglie proposed particles to behave like a wave 95. Therefore, electrons wave-particle property can be explained byEquation 2 can be substitute into the equation 3,Definition of c is speed of light and accepted value is 3108 m/s. h is Plancks constant and is equal to 4.1410-15 eV.s. Rest mass of electron is indicated with m0 and it is equal to 0.51106 eV/c2. When these numeric values are substituted in the de Brogli e relation, wave length equality becomesIf the energy value of the incident beam is equal to 30 keV, wavelength is equal to 0.07 according to the above equation. RHEED patterns, as seen on the phosphorescent screen, are the result of the constructive interference of the scattered wave. Constructive interference term is related to the Bragg condition which is explained by 96As can be seen in Figure 42 the incidence angle is equal to for elastic scattering process. Also in this figure, scattering or momentum transfer vector representation can be understood.Under the conditions of elastic scattering, incidence and scattered wave vectors are k=k= 2/ 98. Diffraction maximum occurs when the Laue condition is satisfied and this condition is 97Order of diffraction is indorse by n. RHEED patterns on the phosphorescent screen are reflection of the surface atoms in reciprocal grillwork space. If the real space basis vectors indicate as a, b and c, reciprocal basis vectors become a*, b* an d c*. In addition, the relation between real and reciprocal space basis vectors is 31 definition vector is also indicated for reciprocal space ash, k and l are moth miller indices. Laue condition under the constructive interference for certain miller indices is s = G 97.The incident electron beam hit the crystal surface which is growing epitaxially at low angle of incidence and is reflected onto the phosphorescent screen to form RHEED patterns (Figure 43). RHEED patterns include spots, streaks, rings and lines.The intensity oscillation changes of the RHEED spots on the screen give information about growth parameters such as remotion of oxides from epi-ready substrates surface, surface roughness of the grown layers and crystal quality of the layers 99. When the incident beam electrons reach the epi-ready surface at the beginning of the growth, incident electrons get through minimum diffraction because of surface smoothness. Therefore, RHEED patterns have maximum intensity. When a la yer nucleates on the surface, electrons get through maximum diffraction and this condition led to minimum intensity of the RHEED patterns.Calculation of the lattice constant for growth material from the RHEED images and the percentage of the error between the accepted and calculated value of the lattice parameters will be discussed in Chapter 4.Raman spectroscopy was spy by C. V. Raman and K. S. Krishnan in 1928 100. In addition, C. V. Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize for discovery of Raman in 1930 101. Raman spectroscopy can be used for distribution of vibrational modes to generate like a chemical maps. It is possible to combine Raman spectroscopy with hardware system. The data signal collected by the detector and then sent to the hardware system for analysis. In order to investigate the effects of wet chemical etching procedures on especially Te, CdTe and GaAs vibration modes in this study, two dimensional (x, y) maps were recorded by Raman spectroscopy at room temperature. Rama n measurements were performed by a confocal Raman system.Laser beam comes from the laser source and passes through the filters. Beam splitter deflects a portion of light onto the optical microscope. Light is passed through a proper objective and laser light is focused onto the sample. Sample stands on the XYZ stage. Laser light is scattered from the sample and follows a proper optical path to reach a detector. Computer system is used to analyze signals which are collected by detector (Figure 44).